There is a disproportionate focus on pain over pleasure in policy-relevant research on drugs. This is unfortunate because theories of and findings on drug-involved pleasure can be used to inform knowledge of drug-involved pain. The cross-fertilization of theories and findings is bolstered by the availability of a conceptual framework that links drug-involved pain and pleasure in a comprehensive, powerful, simple, and instrumental manner. This article proposes such a framework. It consists of four types of drug-involved pain and pleasure: drug-specific corporal, drug-related corporal, economic, and social. This quaternary scheme is illustrated with findings from four literatures, namely, those on methamphetamine use, alcohol-related sexual contact among college students, resource transfer among drug users and dealers, and relational and communal issues related to drugs. The article concludes with implications for the field.
AbbeyA.ZawackiT.BuckP. O.ClintonA. M.McAuslanP. (2001). Alcohol and sexual assault. Alcohol Research & Health, 25, 43-51.
2.
AdlerP. (1993). Wheeling and dealing: An ethnography of an upper-level drug dealing and smuggling community (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Colombia University Press.
3.
AndersonE. (1999). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
4.
BallJ. C.RosenL.FlueckJ. A.NurcoD. N. (1982). Lifetime criminality of heroin addicts in the United States. Journal of Drug Issues, 12, 225-239.
5.
BallJ. C.ShafferJ. W.NurcoD. N. (1983). The day-to-day criminality of heroin addicts in Baltimore: A study in the continuity of offence rates. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 12, 119-142.
6.
BeckerH. S. (1967). Whose side are we on?Social Problems, 14, 239-247.
7.
BelackovaV.VaccaroC. A. (2013). “A friend with weed is a friend indeed”: Understanding the relationship between friendship identity and market relations among marijuana users. Journal of Drug Issues, 43, 289-313.
8.
BennettT.HollowayK. (2007). Drug-crime connections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
9.
BenthamJ. (2005). The principles and morals of legislation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1789)
10.
BlackD. (2000). Dreams of pure sociology. Sociological Theory, 18, 343-367.
11.
BlackD. (2013). On the almost inconceivable misunderstandings concerning the subject of value-free social science. British Journal of Sociology, 64, 763-780.
12.
BoeriM. (2013). Women on ice: Methamphetamine use among suburban women. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
13.
BogleK. A. (2008). Hooking up: Sex, dating, and relationships on campus. New York: New York University Press.
14.
BourgoisP.SchonbergJ. (2009). Righteous dope fiend. Berkeley: University of California Press.
15.
BrightD. A.SutherlandR. (2017). “Just doing a favor for a friend”: The social supply of ecstasy through friendship networks. Journal of Drug Issues, 47, 492-504.
16.
BrownA. L.TestaM.Messman-MooreT. L. (2009). Psychological consequences of sexual victimization resulting from force, incapacitation, or verbal coercion. Violence Against Women, 15, 898-919.
17.
BrownsteinH. H. (1993). What does “drug-related” mean? Reflections on the problem of objectification. The Criminologist, 18, 5-7.
18.
BrownsteinH. H. (2013). Contemporary drug policy. New York, NY: Routledge.
19.
BrownsteinH. H. (Ed.). (2016). The Wiley handbook of drugs and society. New York, NY: Wiley Blackwell.
20.
BrownsteinH. H.MulcahyT. M.HuessyJ. (2014). The methamphetamine industry in America: Transnational cartels and local entrepreneurs. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
21.
BuntonR.CoveneyJ. (2011). Drugs’ pleasures. Critical Public Health, 21, 9-23.
22.
Carbone-LopezK.OwensJ. G.MillerJ. (2012). Women’s “storylines” of methamphetamine initiation in the Midwest. Journal of Drug Issues, 43, 226-246.
23.
CareyJ. T. (1968). The college drug scene. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
24.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Annual surveillance report of drug-related risks and outcomes—United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
25.
CoomberR. (2003). There’s no such thing as a free lunch: How “freebies” and “credit” operate as part of rational drug market activity. Journal of Drug Issues, 33, 939-962.
26.
CoomberR. (2006). Pusher myths: Re-situating the drug dealer. London, England: Free Association Books.
27.
CooneyM.PhillipsS. (2002). Typologizing violence: A Blackian perspective. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22, 75-108.
28.
CourtwrightD. T. (2001a). Forces of habit: Drugs and the making of the modern world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29.
CourtwrightD. T. (2001b). Dark paradise: A history of opiate addiction in America (Enlarged ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
30.
DennisF.FarrugiaA. (2017). Materialising drugged pleasures: Practice, politics, care. International Journal of Drug Policy, 49, 86-91.
31.
De QuinceyT. (2003). Confessions of an English opium-eater and other writings. New York, NY: Penguin. (Original work published 1821)
32.
DudleyR. (2014). The drunken monkey: Why we drink and abuse alcohol. Berkeley: University of California Press.
33.
Epicurus. (2012). The art of happiness. New York, NY: Penguin.
34.
FleckL. (1979). Genesis and development of a scientific fact. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
35.
GallagherS. (2006). How the body shapes the mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
36.
GallupeO.BouchardM. (2015). The influence of positional and experienced social benefits on the relationship between peers and alcohol use. Rationality and Society, 27, 40-69.
37.
GereC. (2017). Pain, pleasure, and the greater good: From the panopticon to the skinner box and beyond. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
38.
GlennN.MarquardtE. (2001). Hooking up, hanging out, and hoping for Mr. Right: College women on dating and mating today. New York, NY: Institute for American Values.
Global Drug Survey. (2018b). Key findings report. London, England: Author.
41.
GoldsteinP. J. (1985). The drugs/violence nexus: A tripartite conceptual framework. Journal of Drug Issues, 15, 493-506.
42.
HardingD. J. (2010). Living the drama: Community, conflict, and culture among inner-city boys. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
43.
HarrisonL. D.EricksonP. G.KorfD. J.BrochuS.BenschopA. (2007). How much for a dime bag? An exploration of youth drug markets. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90(Suppl. 1), S27-S39.
44.
HearstM. O.FulkersonJ. A.Maldonado-MolinaM. M.PerryC. L.KomroK. A. (2007). Who needs liquor stores when parents will do? The importance of social sources of alcohol among young urban teens. Preventive Medicine, 44, 471-476.
45.
HoffmanA. (1971). Steal this book. New York, NY: Grove Press.
46.
HoltM.TreloarC. (2008). Pleasures and drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 19, 349-352.
47.
JacobsB. A. (1999). Dealing crack: The social world of street corner selling. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
48.
JacobsB. A. (2000). Robbing drug dealers: Violence beyond the law. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
49.
JacquesS.AllenA.WrightR. (2014). Drug dealers’ rational choices on which customers to rip-off. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25, 251-256.
50.
JacquesS.RosenfeldR.WrightR.van GemertF. (2016). The effects of prohibition and decriminalization on drug market conflict: Comparing street dealers, coffee shops, and cafés in Amsterdam. Criminology & Public Policy, 15, 843-875.
51.
JacquesS.WrightR. (2008a). The relevance of peace to studies of drug market violence. Criminology, 46, 221-253.
52.
JacquesS.WrightR. (2008b). The victimization—Termination link. Criminology, 46, 1009-1038.
53.
JacquesS.WrightR. (2015). Code of the suburb: Inside the world of young middle-class drug dealers. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
54.
JohnsonB. D.GoldsteinP. J.PrebleE.SchmeidlerJ.LiptonD. S.SpuntB.MillerT. (1985). Taking care of business: The economics of crime by heroin abusers. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
55.
KleimanM. A. R.CaulkinsJ. P.HawkenA. (2011). Drugs and drug policy: What everyone needs to know. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
56.
KreagerD. A.RulisonK.MoodyJ. (2011). Delinquency and the structure of adolescent peer groups. Criminology, 49, 95-127.
57.
KuhnT. S. (1977). The essential tension: Selected studies in scientific tradition and change. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
58.
LeuwE.MarshallI. H. (Eds.). (1994). Between prohibition and legalization: The Dutch experiment in drug policy. New York, NY: Kugler.
59.
LevittS. D.VenkateshS. A. (2000). An economic analysis of a drug-selling gang’s finances. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 755-789.
60.
LinnemannT. (2016). Meth wars: Police, media, power. New York: New York University Press.
61.
MacCounR.ReuterP. (2001). Drug war heresies: Learning from other vices. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
62.
MoenO. M. (2015). Hedonism before Bentham. Journal of Bentham Studies, 17, 1-18.
63.
MohamedA. R.FritsvoldE. D. (2010). Dorm room dealers: Drugs and privileges of race and class. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
64.
MorselliC.Decary-HetuD.Paquet-CloustonM.AldridgeJ. (2017). Conflict management in illicit drug cryptomarkets. International Criminal Justice Review, 27, 237-254.
65.
NurcoD. N.KinlockT.BalterM. B. (1993). The severity of preaddiction criminal behavior among urban, male narcotic addicts and two nonaddicted control groups. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 30, 293-316.
66.
NuttD. J. (2012). Drugs without the hot air: Minimising the harms of legal and illegal drugs. Cambridge, UK: UIT.
67.
NuttD. J.KingL. A.PhillipsL. D. (2010). Drug harms in the U.K.: A multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet, 376, 1558-1565.
68.
O’MalleyP.ValverdeM. (2004). Pleasure, freedom and drugs: The uses of “pleasure” in liberal governance of drug and alcohol consumption. Sociology, 38, 25-42.
69.
ParkerH.AldridgeJ.MeashamF. (1998). Illegal leisure: The normalization of adolescent recreational drug use. New York, NY: Routledge.
70.
PaulE. L.HayesK. A. (2002). The casualties of “casual” sex: A qualitative exploration of the phenomenology of college students’ hookups. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19, 639-661.
71.
PhillipsR. (2016). French wine: A history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
72.
QuinonesS. (2015). Dreamland: The true tale of America’s opiate epidemic. New York, NY: Bloomsbury.
73.
SandbergS.PedersenW. (2009). Street capital: Black cannabis dealers in a White welfare state. Portland, OR: Polity Press.
74.
ScarreG. (1994). Epicurus as a forerunner of utilitarianism. Utilitas, 6, 219-231.
75.
SchofieldP. (2009). Bentham: A guide for the perplexed. London, England: Continuum.
76.
SchwartzM. D.LeggettM. S. (1999). Bad dates or emotional trauma? The aftermath of campus sexual assault. Violence Against Women, 5, 251-271.
77.
ShoreyR. C.StuartG. L.CorneliusT. L. (2011). Dating violence and substance use in college students: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 541-550.
78.
ShuklaR. K. (2016). Methamphetamine: A love story. Berkeley: University of California Press.
79.
StrodachG. K. (2012). Introduction. In Epicurus: The art of happiness (pp. 1-76). New York, NY: Penguin.
80.
TaylorA. P. (2007). How drug dealers settle disputes: Violent and nonviolent outcomes. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
81.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1994). Fact sheet: Drug related crime. Rockville, MD: ONDCP Drugs & Crime Clearinghouse.
82.
Van der KolkB. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY: Penguin.
83.
Vander VenT. (2011). Getting wasted: Why college students drink too much and party so hard. New York: New York University Press.
84.
VenkateshS. (2000). American project: The rise and fall of a modern ghetto. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
85.
WarrenJ. (Ed.). (2009). The Cambridge companion to Epicureanism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
86.
WechslerH.WuethrichB. (2002). Dying to drink: Confronting binge drinking on college campuses. New York, NY: Rodale.
87.
WeissK. G. (2013). Party school: Crime, campus, and community. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
88.
WilliamsK. (1998). Learning limits: College women, drugs, and relationships. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.
89.
WilliamsT. (1992). Crackhouse: Notes from the end of the line. New York, NY: Penguin.
90.
WrightR.DeckerS. (1994). Burglars on the job: Streetlife and residential break-ins. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
91.
WrightR.DeckerS. (1997). Armed robbers in action: Stickups and street culture. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
92.
ZawackiT.AbbeyA.BuckP. O.McAuslanP.Clinton-SherrodA. M. (2003). Perpetrators of alcohol-involved sexual assaults: How do they differ from other sexual assault perpetrators and nonperpetrators?Aggressive Behavior, 29, 366-380.
93.
ZimmermanD. H.WiederD. L. (1977). You can’t help but get stoned: Notes on the social organization of marijuana smoking. Social Problems, 25, 198-207.
94.
ZimringF. E.HawkinsG. (1992). The search for rational drug control. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
95.
ZimringF. E.HawkinsG. (1997). Crime is not the problem: Lethal violence in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
