Brain injury results in a multitude of changes that affect the long-term functioning of the child and adolescent. While acute medical care and corresponding rates of survival have improved dramatically, treatment of the cognitive and behavioral changes following brain injury is still in its infancy. Unfortunately, these are potentially the most enduring and, at times, incapacitating effects of brain injury with respect to long-term functional outcome. The present article addresses the needs of the child and adolescent head injured population in the area of behavioral management. Case examples are used to illustrate behavioral difficulties and the efficacy of interventions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Auerbach, S.H. (1986). Neuroanatomical correlates of attention and memory disorders in traumatic brain injury: An application of neurobehavioral subtypes. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1, 1–12.
2.
Barin, J.J., Hanchett, J.M., Jacob, W.L., & Scott, M.B. (1985). Counseling the head injured patient. In M. Ylvisaker (Ed.), Head injury rehabilitation: Children and adolescents (pp. 361–379) San Diego: College-Hill Press.
3.
Ben-Yishay, Y. (Ed). (1980). Working approaches to remediation of cognitive deficits in the brain damaged. Supplement to the Eighth Annual Workshop for Rehabilitation Professionals. New York: New York University.
4.
Brooks, N.D. (Ed.) (1984). Closed head injury: Psychological, social and family consequences. New York: Oxford University Press.
5.
Brown, G., Chadwick, O., Shaffer, D., Rutter, M., & Traub, M. (1981). A prospective study of children with head injuries. III. Psychiatric sequelae. Psychological Medicine, II, 63–78.
6.
Cohen, S.B., Joyce, C.M.Weider Rhoades, K., & Welks, D.M. (1985). Educational programming for head injured students. In M. Ylvisaker (Ed.), Head injury rehabilitation: Children and adolescents (pp. 383–410) San Diego: College-Hill Press.
7.
Dean, R.S. (1986). Neuropsychological aspects of psychiatric disorders. In J. Obrzut & G.W. Hynd (Eds.), Child neuropsychology (Vol. 2, pp. 83–112) New York: Academic Press.
8.
Deaton, A.V. (1986. August). Self assessment group: An intervention strategy for head injured adolescents. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
9.
Deaton, A.V., Poole, C.P., & Long, D. (in press). Improving the work potential of brain-injured adolescents and young adults: A model for evaluation and individualized training. Occupational Therapy in Health Care.
10.
Divack, J.A., Herrie, J., & Scott, M.B. (1985). Behavior management. In M. Ylvisaker (Ed.), Head injury rehabilitation: Children and adolescents (pp. 347–360) San Diego: College-Hill Press.
11.
Dunn, L.M. (1965). Expanded manual for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Minneapolis: American Guidance Service.
12.
Eames, P., & Wood, R. (1985). Rehabilitation after severe brain injury: A special unit approach. International Rehabilitation Medicine, 7(3), 130–133.
13.
Gelfand, D.M., & Hartmann, D.P. (1984). Child behavior analysis and therapy. New York: Pergamon Press.
14.
Goethe, K.E., & Levin, H.S. (1984). Behavioral manifestations during the early and long-term stages of recovery after closed head injury. Psychiatric Annals, 14 (7), 540–546.
15.
Grimm, B.H., & Bleiberg, J. (1986). Psychological rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury. In S. Filskov & T. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 495–560) New York: Wiley.
16.
Heaton, R.K., & Pendleton, M.G. (1981). Use of neuropsychological tests to predict adult patients' everyday functioning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 807–821.
17.
Helffenstein, D.A., & Wechsler, F. (1982). The use of Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) in the remediation of interpersonal and communication skill deficits in the newly brain injured. Clinical Neuropsychology, 4(3), 139–143.
18.
Horton, A.M., & Sautter, S.W. (1986). Behavioral neuropsychology: Behavioral treatment for the brain-injured. In D. Wedding, A.M. Horton, & J. Webster (Eds.), The neuropsychology handbook: Behavioral and clinical perspectives (pp. 259–277) New York: Springer.
19.
Jacobs, H. (1987, March). Behavior problems. Workshop presented at the National Head Injury Foundation Annual Conference, Crystal City, VA.
20.
Jennett, B., & Teasdale, G. (1981). Management of head injuries. Philadelphia: FA. Davis.
21.
Lezak, M.D. (1987). Relationships between personality disorders, social disturbances and physical disability following traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2, 57–69.
22.
Malec, J. (1984). Training the brain-injured client in behavioral self-management skills. In B.A. Edelstein & E.T. Couture (Eds.), Behavioral assessment and rehabilitation of the traumatically brain damaged (pp. 121–150) New York: Plenum Press.
23.
McGuire, T.L., & Rothenberg, M.B. (1986). Behavioral and psychosocial sequelae of pediatric head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1(4), 1–6.
24.
Oddy, M. (1984). Head injury during childhood: The psychological implications. In D.N. Brooks (Ed.), Closed head injury: Psychological, social, and family consequences (pp. 177–194) New York: Oxford University Press.
25.
Prigatano, G.P. (1986). Neuropsychological rehabilitation after brain injury. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
26.
Rey, A. (1964). L'examen clinique en psychologie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
27.
Rivara, F.P., & Mueller, B.A. (1986). The epidemiology and prevention of pediatric head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1(4), 7–15.
28.
Rutter, M. (1981). Psychological sequelae of brain damage in children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 1535–1544.
29.
Sand, P.L., Trieschmann, R.B.Fordyce, W.E., & Fowler, R.S. (1970). Behavior modification in the medical rehabilitation setting. Rehabilitation Research and Practice Review, 1, 11–24.
30.
Savage, R.C. (1987) Educational issues for the head-injured adolescent and young adult. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2(1). 1–10.
31.
Tynan, W.D., Pearce, B.A., Royall, K.W. (1986, November). Comprehensive behavioral treatment of self injurious behavior in a head injured adolescentPaper presented at the 20th Annual Convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Chicago.
32.
Vredevoogd, M.J. (1986 August/September). Suggestions for working with the difficult to handle closed head injured person. Duty, Lynch, and Associates, A Newsletter/Updater (Available from Ditty. Lynch, and Associates. Inc., Bloomfield Medical Village, 6405 Telegraph Rd., Suite K. Birmingham, MI 48010).
33.
Wood, R.L. (1984). Behavior disorders following severe brain injury: Their presentation and psychological management. In D.N. Brooks (Ed.), Closed head injury: Psychological social, and family consequences (pp. 195–219) New York: Oxford University Press.
