Corrigendum

Abstract

Howard, S. (2012). The effect of selected nonmusical factors on adjudicators’ ratings of high school solo vocal performances. Journal of Research in Music Education, 60, 166–185. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0022429412444610)

This is a revised and corrected version of the Results section submitted by the author. It should replace the entire Results section that appeared in the original article (pp. 173–177).

Results

Adjudicators’ responses on the Solo Performance Evaluation Form were tabulated and used to compare ratings of soloists’ musical performance quality. Performance ratings were compared across the five presentation conditions as a function of performer gender, adjudicator gender, and adjudicator academic level. A four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) found no order effect, F(4, 1080) = 1.675, p > .05, for adjudicators’ ratings as a function of performance excerpt order on the two randomly ordered stimulus DVD recordings. Means and standard deviations are presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

Mean Scores of Performance Ratings Assigned to Five Presentation Conditions by Adjudicator Gender and Academic Level.

		Academic Level
		High School		Undergraduate		Graduate		Overall
Condition	Adjudicator	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
FAFD	Male	4.61	0.96	4.62	0.64	4.12	0.86	4.53	0.85
	Female	4.92	0.83	4.43	0.96	4.13	0.92	4.69	0.92
	Total	4.82	0.88	4.51	0.86	4.13	0.87	4.63	0.90
FACD	Male	4.20	0.79	4.08	0.86	4.06	1.19	4.14	0.89
	Female	4.10	1.00	3.63	1.09	3.87	0.99	3.92	1.05
	Total	4.13	0.94	3.80	1.03	3.97	1.09	4.00	1.00
CAFD	Male	4.35	0.91	4.35	0.82	4.12	0.86	4.31	0.86
	Female	4.67	0.92	3.97	0.94	4.07	0.80	4.39	0.97
	Total	4.57	0.92	4.11	0.91	4.09	0.82	4.36	0.93
CACD	Male	3.94	0.99	4.05	0.97	3.94	1.14	3.98	1.00
	Female	4.08	1.13	3.65	1.10	3.80	1.15	3.91	1.13
	Total	4.03	1.09	3.80	1.07	3.88	1.13	3.94	1.09
AO	Male	5.29	0.89	5.00	0.78	5.29	0.77	5.18	0.84
	Female	5.37	0.87	4.85	0.90	4.53	0.83	5.13	0.92
	Total	5.35	0.88	4.91	0.86	4.94	0.88	5.15	0.89

Note: FAFD = formal attire/formal deportment; FACD = formal attire/casual deportment; CACD = casual attire/casual deportment; CAFD = casual attire/formal deportment; AO = audio-only. Bold font indicates overall mean score.

A three-way mixed-design ANOVA was applied to examine the effects of the adjudicator attributes (academic level and gender) and presentation conditions (formal attire/formal deportment [FAFD], formal attire/casual deportment [FACD], casual attire/formal deportment [CAFD], casual attire/casual deportment [CACD], and audio only) on overall performance quality ratings. A main effect was identified for presentation condition, F(4, 1104) = 64.10, p < .05, η² = .1852, with highest ratings assigned to audio-only (M = 5.15, SD = 0.89) followed by the audiovisual presentation conditions (FAFD, M = 4.63, SD = 0.90; CAFD, M = 4.36, SD = 0.93; FACD, M = 4.00, SD = 1.00; CACD, M = 3.94, SD = 1.09).

In addition, a main effect was present for adjudicator academic level on overall performance quality ratings, F(2, 276) = 7.51, p < .05, η² = .0499. Tukey post hoc comparisons revealed high school adjudicators assigned significantly higher performance ratings than did the undergraduate- and graduate-level adjudicators. No significant differences were found between the two groups of collegiate adjudicators.

There was no significant main effect for performer’s gender, F(1, 276) = 1.39, p > .05, or adjudicator gender, F(1, 276) = 1.85, p > .05, on overall performance quality ratings; however, a significant interaction between adjudicator gender and academic level was present, F(2, 276) = 3.88, p < .05, η² = .0258.