Bibliography of Research Utilizing the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire 1

Abstract

The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) is receiving increasing use as a self-report measure of mental, visual imagery vividness. This bibliography contains lists of the publications and dissertations which report investigations of experimental, correlational, and factor analytical research. It also includes publications in which research utilizing the VVIQ is reviewed, critiqued, and discussed. The bibliography provides a resource for investigators.

References

I. Empirical Reports

Ahsen

(1985) Unvividness paradox. Journal of Menial Imagery, 9(3), 1–18.

Alvarado

C. S.

(1984) Phenomenological aspects of out-of-body experiences—a report of 3 studies. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 78, 219–240.

Belicki

, & Belicki

(1986) Predisposition for nightmares—a study of hypnotic ability, vividness of imagery, and absorption. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 714–718.

Berger

G. H.

, & Gaunitz

S. C. B.

(1977) Self-rated imagery and vividness of task pictures in relation to visual memory. British Journal of Psychology, 68, 283–288.

Berger

G. H.

, & Gaunitz

S. C. B.

(1979) Self-rated imagery and encoding strategies in visual memory. British Journal of Psychology, 70, 21–24.

Bethell-Fox

C. E.

, Lohman

D. F.

, & Snow

R. E.

(1984) Adaptive reasoning-componential and eye-movement analysis of geometric analogy performance. Intelligence, 8, 205–238.

Bishof

, & Steiner

(1986) Visual imagery during central and peripheral distraction. In Russell

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, Marks

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, & Richardson

J. T. E.

(Eds.), Imagery 2. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Associates.

Bowers

(1978) Hypnotizability, creativity and role of effortless experiencing. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 26, 184–202.

10.

Bowers

(1982) The classic suggestion effect—relationships with scales of hypnotizability, effortless experiencing, and imagery vividness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 30, 270–279.

11.

Cairns

, & Coll

(1977) The role of visual imagery and visual, tactual and cross-modal matching. British Journal of Psychology, 68, 213–214.

12.

Campos

(1988) Vividness of imagery and positive and negative values of emotionality of words. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 67, 433–434.

13.

Campos

, & Perez

M. J.

(1988) Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire: relations with other measures of mental imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 67, 607–610.

14.

Cathala

H. P.

, Laffont

, Siksou

, Esnault

, Gilbert

, Minz

, Moretchalmin

, Buzare

M. A.

, & Waisbord

(1983) Sleep and dreams in patients with parietal and frontal lobe lesions. Revue Neurologique, 139, 497–508.

15.

Carroll

, Baker

, & Preston

(1979) Individual differences in visual imaging and the voluntary control of heart-rate. British Journal of Psychology, 70, 39–49.

16.

Chaguiboff

, & Denis

(1981) Imaging activity and recognition of names originating in a narrative text. Année Psychologique, 81, 69–86.

17.

Chara

P. J.

Jr. , & Hamm

D. A.

(1988) A semantic analysis of the imagery questionnaire. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 113–114.

18.

Chara

P. J.

Jr. , & Verplanck

W. S.

(1986) The imagery questionnaire: an investigation of its validity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 63, 915–920.

19.

Childers

T. L.

, & Houston

M. J.

(1984) Conditions for a picture-superiority effect on consumer memory. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 643–654.

20.

Childers

T. L.

, Houston

M. J.

, & Heckler

S. E.

(1985) Measurement of individual differences in visual versus verbal information processing. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 125–134.

21.

Clarkson

J. K.

(1985) Imagery and peripheral vision. In Marks

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, & Russell

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22.

Clarkson

J. K.

, & Hefford

M. W.

(1985) Functional equivalence of auditory imagery and perception. International Imagery Bulletin, 3(2), 26–28.

23.

Coe

W. C.

, St. Jean

R.L.

, & Burger

J. M.

(1980) Hypnosis and the enhancement of visual imagery. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 28, 225–243.

24.

Coebergh

(1986) Imagery, eye movements, and picture memory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Otago.

25.

Cohen

B. H.

, & Saslona

(1987) The advantage of being an habitual visualizer. Paper presented at the Eleventh American Imagery Conference, New York, November.

26.

Crawford

PL J.

(1982) Hypnotizability, daydreaming styles, imagery vividness, and absorption—a multidimensional study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 915–926.

27.

Crawford

Pi. J.

, & Allen

S. N.

(1983) Enhanced visual memory during hypnosis as mediated by hypnotic responsiveness and cognitive strategies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 662–685.

28.

Cutts

T. F.

, & Barrios

B. A.

(1986) Fear of weight-gain among bulimic and nondisturbed females. Behavior Therapy, 17, 626–636.

29.

Denis

(1982) Imaging while reading text: a study of individual differences. Memory and Cognition, 10, 540–545.

30.

Denis

, & Carfantan

(1986) What people know about visual images: a metacognitive approach to imagery. In Russell

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, Marks

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, & Richardson

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31.

Devane

J. R.

(1988) Sensitivity to the imagery values of words. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 300–302.

32.

Dowling

(1973) Validation of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire. (Unpublished manuscript, Psychology Department, University of Queensland)

33.

Dywan

(1988) The imagery factor in hypnotic hypermnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 36, 312–326.

34.

Farthing

G. W.

, Venturino

, & Brown

S. W.

(1983) Relationship between two different types of imagery vividness questionnaire items and three hypnotic susceptibility scale factors. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 31, 8–13.

35.

Finke

R. A.

(1979) Functional equivalence of mental images and errors of movement. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 235–264.

36.

Finke

R. A.

, & Kosslyn

S. M.

(1980) Mental imagery acuity in the peripheral visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 6, 126–139.

37.

Finke

R. A.

, & Kurtzman

H. S.

(1981) Area and contrast effects upon perceptual and imagery acuity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 825–832.

38.

Finke

R. A.

, & Schmidt

M. J.

(1978) Quantitative measure of pattern representation in images using orientation-specific color aftereffects. Perception and Psychophysics, 23, 515–520.

39.

Garro

L. C.

(1982) Imagery's role in cognition: integrating imagery theory with an individual differences approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Duke University, Durham, NC.

40.

George

(1982) Enhancement of psi functioning through mental imagery training. Journal of Parapsychology, 46, 111–125.

41.

Gur

R. C.

, & Hilgard

E. R.

(1975) Visual imagery and the discrimination of differences between altered pictures simultaneously and successively presented. British Journal of Psychology, 66, 341–343.

42.

Hatakeyama

(1984) Individual differences in imagery ability and mental size comparison. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 43(1-4), 112–126.

43.

Heuer

, Fischman

, & Reisberg

(1986) Why does vivid imagery hurt colour memory? Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 161–175.

44.

Hishitani

(1982) Effects of the relationship between visual imagery ability and task characteristics on memory. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 22–28.

45.

Hishitani

(1985) Imagery differences and task characteristics in memory. In Marks

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, & Russell

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(Eds.), Imagery 1. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc. (a)

46.

Hishitani

(1985) Coding strategies and imagery differences in memory. Japanese Psychological Research, 27, 154–162. (b)

47.

Hodgson

(1977) Visual imagery and eye movements. Unpublished honors thesis, University of Otago.

48.

Housner

L. D.

(1984) The role of visual imagery in recall of modeled motoric stimuli. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 148–158.

49.

Housner

L. D.

, & Hoffman

S. J.

(1978) Imagery and short-term motor memory. In Roberts

G. C.

, and Newell

K. M.

(Eds.), Psychology of motor behavior and sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic. Pp. 182–191.

50.

Huntsman

(1981) The role of mental imagery in the enjoyment, comprehension, and recall of fiction. Unpublished honors thesis, Duke University, USA.

51.

Invin

H. J.

(1980) Out of the body down under: some cognitive characteristics of Australian students reporting OOBEs. Journal of the Society of Psychical Research, 50, 448–459.

52.

Isaac

(1985) Imagery differences and mental practice. In Marks

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, & Russell

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(Eds.), Imagery 1. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc.

53.

Isaac

, Marks

D. E.

, & Russell

D. G.

(1986) An instrument for assessing imagery of movement: the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire. Journal of Mental Imagery, 10, 23–30.

54.

Isaac

, Russell

, & Marks

(1986) Imagery and mental practice in trampoline skill acquisition. In Russell

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, Marks

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, & Richardson

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(Eds.), Imagery 2. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc.

55.

Karis

G. D.

(1981) Individual differences in autobiographical memory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

56.

Kosslyn

S. M.

, Brunn

J. R.

, Cave

K. R.

, & Wallach

R. W.

(1984) Individual differences in mental imagery ability: a computational analysis. Cognition, 18, 195–243.

57.

Kosslyn

S. M.

, & Jolicoeur

(1980) A theory-based approach to the study of individual differences in mental imagery. In Snow

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, Federico

P. A.

, & Montagne

W. E.

(Eds.), Aptitude, learning, and instruction. Vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pp. 139–175.

58.

Kunzendorf

R. G.

(1979) Imagery and consciousness: a scientific analysis of the mind-body problem. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Virginia.

59.

Kunzendorf

R. G.

(1981) Individual differences in imagery and autonomic control. Journal of Mental Imagery, 5(2), 47–60.

60.

Kunzendorf

R. G.

(1982) Mental images appreciation of grammatical patterns, and creativity. Journal of Mental Imagery, 6(1), 183–202.

61.

Kunzendorf

R. G.

(1984) Centrifugal effects of eidetic imaging on flash electroretinograms and automatic responses. Journal of Mental Imagery, 8, 67–76.

62.

Kyllonen

P. C.

, Lohman

D. F.

, & Snow

R. E.

(1984) Effects of aptitudes, strategy training, and task facets on spatial task performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 130–145.

63.

Lash

S. J.

, & Polyson

J. A.

(1987) The gender relevance of projected animal content. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 145–150.

64.

Lorenz

, & Neisser

(1985) Factors of imagery and event recall. Memory and Cognition, 13, 494–500.

65.

MacLeod

C. M.

(1986) Cross-modal recognition of pictures and descriptions without test-appropriate encoding. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 24, 21–24.

66.

Malhorta

N. K.

, Jain

A. K.

, & Pinson

(1988) The roboustness of MDS configurations in the case of incomplete data. Journal of Market Research, 25, 95–102.

67.

Marks

D. F.

(1973) Imagery differences and eye movements in the recall of pictures. Perception and Psychophysics, 14, 407–412. (a)

68.

Marks

D. F.

(1973) Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 17–24. (b)

69.

Marks

D. F.

(1986) Scanpath consistency and image vividness. In Russell

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, Marks

D. F.

, & Richardson

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(Eds.), Imagery 2. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc.

70.

Marks

D. F.

, & McKellar

(1982) A comment on the comments: eidetic imagery re-reified. The nature and function of eidetic imagery. Journal of Mental Imagery, 6(1), 100–124.

71.

Marks

, Uemura

, Tatsuno

, & Imamura

(1985) EEG topographical analysis of imagery. In McGaugh

(Ed.), Contemporary psychology: biological processes and theoretical issues. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pp. 211–223.

72.

McConkey

K. M.

, & Nogrady

(1986) Visual elaboration scale: analysis of individual and group versions. Journal of Mental Imagery, 10(1), 37–46.

73.

McIntosh

W. J.

(1986) The effect of imagery generation on science rule learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 23, 1–9.

74.

McKelvie

S. J.

(1979) Effects of instructions and format on reported visual imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 49, 567–571.

75.

McKelvie

S. J.

(1984) Reported visual imagery for faces and facial recognition memory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59, 825–826.

76.

McKelvie

S. J.

(1986) Effects of format of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire on content validity, split-half reliability, and the role of memory in the test-retest reliability. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 229–236.

77.

McKelvie

S. J.

, & Demers

E. G.

(1979) Individual differences in reported visual imagery and memory performance. British Journal of Psychology, 70, 51–57.

78.

McKelvie

S. J.

, & Gingras

P. P.

(1974) Reliability of two measures of visual imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 39, 417–418.

79.

McKelvie

S. J.

, & Rohrberg

M. M.

(1978) Individual differences in reported visual imagery and cognitive performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46, 451–458.

80.

Mingay

D. J.

(1986) Predicting recognition memory from imagery reports. In Russell

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, Marks

D. F.

, & Richardson

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(Eds.), Imagery 2. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc.

81.

Morley

(1985) An experimental investigation of some assumptions underpinning psychological treatments of migraine. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 65–74.

82.

Morley

(1987) Modification of auditory hallucinations—experimental studies of headphones and earplugs. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 15, 240–251.

83.

Narchal

, & Broota

K. D.

(1988) Sex differences in vividness of visual imagery under eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 81–88.

84.

Otteson

J. P.

(1980) Stylistic and personality correlates of lateral eye movements: a factor analytic study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 50, 995–1010.

85.

Parrott

C. A.

(1986) Visual imagery training: stimulating utilization of imaginal processes. Journal of Mental Imagery, 10(1), 47–64.

86.

Parrott

C. A.

, & Strongman

K. T.

(1985) Utilization of visual imagery in creative performance. Journal of Mental Imagery, 9(1), 53–66.

87.

Philips

R. J.

(1978) Recognition, recall and imagery of faces. In Gruneberg

M. M.

, Morris

P. E.

, & Sykes

R. N.

(Eds.), Practical aspects of memory. London: Academic Press. Pp. 270–277.

88.

Powell

N. J.

(1986) Imagery into action—visual imagery and occupational therapy education. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 6, 171–182.

89.

Priebe

F. A.

, & Wallace

(1986) Hypnotizability, imaging ability, and the detection of embedded objects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 34, 320–329.

90.

Ramonth

S. M.

(1985) Absorption in directed day-dreaming. Journal of Mental Imagery, 9(1), 67–86.

91.

Reisberg

, Culver

, Heuer

, & Fischman

(1986) Visual memory: when imagery vividness makes a difference. Journal of Mental Imagery, 10(4), 51–74.

92.

Reisberg

, & Leak

(1987) Visual imagery and memory for appearance: does Clark Gable or George C. Scott have bushier eyebrows? Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41, 521–526.

93.

Richardson

(1979) Dream recall frequency and vividness of visual imagery. Journal of Mental Imagery, 3, 65–72.

94.

Rossi

J. S.

(1977) Reliability of a measure of visual imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45, 694.

95.

Rossi

J. S.

, & Fingeret

A. L.

(1977) Individual differences in verbal and imagery abilities: paired-associate recall as a function of stimulus and response correctness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44, 1043–1049.

96.

Shaw

G. A.

(1985) The use of imagery by intelligent and by creative schoolchildren. Journal of General Psychology, 112, 153–171.

97.

Shaw

G. A.

, & Demers

S. T.

(1986) The relationship of imagery to originality, flexibility and fluency in creative thinking. Journal of Mental Imagery, 10(1), 65–74.

98.

Slusher

M. P.

, & Anderson

C. A.

(1987) When reality monitoring fails—the role of imagination in stereotype maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 653–662.

99.

Suler

J. R.

(1985) Imagery ability and the experience of affect by free associative imagery. Journal of Mental Imagery, 9(1), 101–110.

100.

Sullivan

G. L.

, & Macklin

M. C.

(1988) Vividness-unvividness effects in print advertising: an experimental investigation. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 133–144.

101.

Swann

W. B.

, & Miller

L. C.

(1982) Why never forgetting a face matters—visual imagery and social memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 475–480.

102.

‘ Hoen

P.T.

(1978) Effects of hypnotizability and visualizing ability on imagery mediated learning. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 26, 45–54.

103.

Walczyk

J. J.

, & Hall

V. C.

(1988) The relationship between imagery vividness ratings and imagery accuracy. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 163–172.

104.

Wallace

(1984) Apparent equivalence between perception and imagery in the production of various visual illusions. Memory and Cognition, 12, 156–162. (a)

105.

Wallace

(1984) Creation of the horizontal-vertical illusion through imagery. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 9–11. (b)

106.

Wallace

(1988) Imaging ability, visual search strategies, and the unvividness paradox. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 173–184.

107.

Winczo-Kostecka

, & Cielecki

(1985) Self-identity or self-esteem—vivid and non-vivid imagers responses to threat to self-differentiation. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 5, 171–186.

108.

Worthington

E. L.

(1978) Effects of imagery content, choice of imagery content, and self-verbalization on self-control of pain. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 2, 225–240.

109.

Yarmey

A. D.

(1975) Introspection and imagery reports of human faces. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 41, 711–719.

110.

II. Precursors, Reviews, Critiques, and Discussions

111.

Ahsen

(1986) Prologue to unvividness paradox. Journal of Mental Imagery, 10, 1–8.

112.

Ahsen

(1988) Imagery, unvividness paradox, and the paradigm of control. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 1–44.

113.

Begg

(1988) What does the vividness of an image tell us about the value of imagery? Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 45–56.

114.

Betts

G. H.

(1909) The distribution and functions of mental imagery. New York: Teachers’ College, Columbia University.

115.

Carroll

(1979) Voluntary heart-rate control—role of individual differences. Biological Psychology, 8, 137–157.

116.

Ernest

C. H.

(1977) Imagery ability and cognition. Journal of Mental Imagery, 1, 181–216.

117.

Fechner

G. T.

(1860) Elemente der Psychophysik. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Haertel.

118.

Finke

R. A.

(1980) Levels of equivalence in imagery and perception. Psychological Review, 87, 113–132.

119.

Finke

R. A.

(1981) Interpretations of imagery produced McCollough effects. Perception and Psychophysics, 30, 94–95.

120.

Finke

R. A.

(1985) Theories relating mental imagery to perception. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 236–259.

121.

Finke

R. A.

, & Shepard

R. N.

(1986) Visual functions of mental imagery. In Kaufman

, & Thomas

(Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance. New York: Wiley.

122.

Galton

(1883) Inquiries into human faculty and its development. London: Macmillan.

123.

George

(1981) A survey of research into the relationships between imagery and psi. Journal of Parapsychology, 45, 121–146.

124.

Hall

, Pongrac

, & Buckholz

(1985) The measurement of imagery ability. Human Movement Science, 4, 107–118.

125.

Harris

J. P.

(1982) The VVIQ and imagery-induced McCollough effects— an alternative analysis. Perception and Psychophysics, 32, 290–292.

126.

Hilgard

E. R.

, Marks

D. F.

, & Sheehan

P. W.

(1987) Unvividness paradox: a discussion. Journal of Mental Imagery, 11, 1–12.

127.

Irwin

H. J.

(1981) Correspondence. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 51, 118–120.

128.

Kaufmann

(1981) What is wrong with imagery questionnaires? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 22, 59–64.

129.

Kaufmann

(1983) How good are imagery questionnaires? A rejoinder to David Marks. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 24, 247–249.

130.

Kunzendorf

R. G.

(1988) Vivid images, eidetic images and hallucinations: “unvivid” differences. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 75–80.

131.

MacInnis

D. J.

, & Price

L. L.

(1987) The role of imagery in information processing: review and extensions. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 473–491.

132.

Marks

D. F.

(1972) Individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery and their effect on function. In Sheehan

P. W.

(Ed.), The function and nature of imagery. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 83–108.

133.

Marks

(1977) Imagery and consciousness: a theoretical review from an individual differences perspective. Journal of Mental Imagery, 1, 275–290.

134.

Marks

D. F.

(1983) In defense of imagery questionnaires. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 24, 243–246. (a)

135.

Marks

D. F.

(1983) Mental imagery and consciousness: a theoretical review. In Sheikh

A. A.

(Ed.), Imagery: current theory, research, and application. New York: Wiley. Pp. 96–130. (b)

136.

Marks

D. F.

(1985) Imagery differences: an overview of research on visual image vividness. In Marks

D. F.

, & Russell

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(Eds.), Imagery 1. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc.

137.

Marks

D. F.

(1986) Imagery, consciousness and the brain. In Russell

D. G.

, Marks

D. F.

, & Richardson

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(Eds.), Imagery 2. Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Assoc.

138.

Marks

D. F.

(1988) The misuse of imagery questionnaires. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 932–934.

139.

Morris

P. E.

, & Hampson

P. J.

(1983) Imagery and consciousness. London: Academic Press.

140.

Predebon

, & Wenderoth

(1985) Imagined stimuli—imaginary effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 23, 215–216.

141.

Reisberg

, & Heuer

(1988) Vividness, vagueness and the quantification of visualizing. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 89–102.

142.

Richardson

(1988) What is the question? Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 103–114.

143.

Richardson

J. T. E.

(1980) Mental imagery and human memory. London: Macmillan.

144.

Richardson

J. T. E.

(1988) Vividness and unvividness: reliability, consistency, and validity of subjective imagery ratings. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 115–122.

145.

Sheehan

P. W.

(1967) A shortened form of Betts’ Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 386–389. (a)

146.

Sheehan

P. W.

(1967) Reliability of a short test of imagery. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 25, 744. (b)

147.

Sheehan

P. W.

(1982) Imagery and hypnosis—forging a link, at least in part. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior, 7, 257–272.

148.

Sheehan

P. W.

, Ashton

, & White

(1983) Assessment of mental imagery. In Sheikh

A. A.

(Ed.), Imagery: current theory, research, and application. New York: Wiley. Pp. 189–221.

149.

Slee

J. A.

(1988) Vividness as a descriptor and index of imagery. Journal of Mental Imagery, 12(3-4), 123–132.

150.

Strosahl

K. D.

, & Ascough

J. C.

(1981) Clinical uses of mental imagery—experimental foundations, theoretical misconceptions, and research issues. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 422–438.

151.

White

, Sheehan

P. W.

, & Ashton

(1977) Imagery assessment: a survey of self-report measures. Journal of Mental Imagery, 1, 145–170.