The National Board of Health: 1879–1883

Reports of the actions of the 45th Congress, Sess. 3, Ch. 202, March 3, 1879. An Act to Prevent the Introduction of Infectious or Contagious Diseases into the United States and to Establish a National Board of Health.

Annual report of the National Board of Health, 1883. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1884.

Rosen G . A history of public health. New York: MD Publications Inc.; 1958.

Annual report of the Department of the Treasury. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; December 1870.

Office of the Surgeon General, Department of Health and Human Services (US). John Maynard Woodworth (1871–1879) [cited 2010 Sep 22]. Available from: URL: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/biowoodworth.htm

Bryce PH . History of the American Public Health Association. Am J Public Health 1918;8:327–35.

Woodworth JM . Some defects in the immigration service: suggestions of remedy therefore, with reference to the sanitary interests of the country. Public health reports and papers presented at the Meetings of the American Public Health Association, 1873. Cambridge (MA): Hurd and Houghton, The Riverside Press; 1875.

Notable Names Database. John Sherman. Mountain View (CA): Soylent Communications; 2010.

Billings JS . The rights, duties, and privileges of the community in relation to those of the individual in regard to public health. Paper presented at the American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, 1876. Public health reports and papers presented at the Meetings of the American Public Health Association, 1875–1876, Volume III. Cambridge (MA): Hurd and Houghton, The Riverside Press; 1877.

National Quarantine Act. Sess. 2, Ch. 66, 20 Stat. 37 (1878).

Furman B . A profile of the United States Public Health Service: 1798–1948. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Office of the Surgeon General, Department of Health and Human Services (US). Previous Surgeons General: John B. Hamilton, 1879–1891 [cited 2010 Aug 16]. Available from: URL: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/about/previous/index.html

Mustard HS . Government in public health. New York: Commonwealth Fund; 1945.

Arlington National Cemetery. John Shaw Billings [cited 2010 Sep 27]. Available from: URL: http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jsbillings.htm

Smillie WG . Public health—its promise for the future. A chronicle of the development of public health in the United States, 1607–1914. New York: Macmillan Company; 1955.

Ch. 114, 27 Stat. L. 449, February 15, 1893.

A new National Board of Health. The New York Times, 1884 Dec 13.