The study of both cohesion and coherence is a favourite field of research among linguists. Both concepts, traditionally connected with the reading process, have become an important tool in order to teach students how to write a text. EFL classes should help students to understand the use of cohesive linkers in the texts, paying special attention to any logical pattern which could help them organise the text in such a way that could be understood by any reader.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bamberg, B.1983. What makes a text coherent?College Composition and Communication, 34, 417-429.
2.
Bander, R.B.1983. American English Rhetoric. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston. de Beaugrande, R. and Dressler, W.1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. Longman: London.
3.
Beck, I.L., McKeown, M.G., Omanson, R.C. and Pople, M.T.1984. Improving the comprehensibility of stories: the effects of revisions that improve coherence. ReadingResearch Quarterly , 19, 263-277.
4.
Brown, G. and Yule, G.1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
5.
Carrell, P.L.1982. "Cohesion is not coherence". TESOL Quarterly , 16, 479-488.
6.
Carter, R.1986. Good work! Vocabulary, style and coherence in children's writing. In J. Harris and J. Wilkinson (eds.). Reading Children's Writing. London: Allen and Unwin .
7.
Castellà, J.M.1992. De la frase al text: teories de l'ús lingü'stic . Barcelona: Empúries.
8.
Christensen, F.1965. A generative rhetoric of the paragraph. College Composition and Communication, 16, 144-156
9.
Connor, U. and Johns, A.1990. Coherence: Research and Pedagogical Perspectives . Washington, DC: TESOL.
10.
Cox, B.E., Shanahan, T. and Sulzby, E.1990. Good and poor elementary readers' use of cohesion in writing . ReadingResearch Quarterly , 25, 47-65.
11.
Crothers, E.J.1978. Inference and coherence. Discourse Processes , 1, 51-71.
12.
Crowhurst, M.1987. Cohesion in argument and narration at three grade levels . Research in the Teaching of English, 21, 185-201.
13.
van Dijk, T.A.1977. Semantic macro-structures and knowledge frames in discourse comprehension. In M.A. Just and P.A. Carpenter (eds.). Cognitive Processes in Comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
14.
van Dijk, T.A.1985. Semantic discourse analysis. In T. A. van Dijk (ed.). Handbook of Discourse Analysis, vol II. London : Academic Press.
15.
Ellis, R.1985. Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
16.
Enkvist, N.E.1990. Seven problems in the study of coherence and interpretability . In U. Connor and A. M. Johns (eds.). Coherence: Research and Pedagogical Perspectives. Washington, DC: TESOL
17.
Evensen, L.S.1985a. Discourse-level interlanguage studies. In N. E. Enkvist (ed.) Coherence and Composition: a Symposium. Abo, Finland: Abo Akademi Foundation.
18.
Evensen, L.S.1985b. Connectors in student writing: a methodological note . NORDTEXT Newsletter, 4, 1-6.
19.
Evensen, L.S.1990. Pointers to superstructure in student writing. In U. Connor and A. M. Johns (eds.). Coherence: Research and Pedagogical Perspectives. Washington, DC: TESOL
20.
Ferrara, A.1985. Pragmatics. In T. A. van Dijk (ed.). Handbook of Discourse Analysis, vol II. London: Academic Press.
21.
Freebody, P. and Anderson, R.C.1981. Effects of Vocabulary Difficulty, Text Cohesion, and Schema Availability on Reading Comprehension. Technical report no. 225. Center for the Study of Reading . Champaign, IL: University of Illinois.
22.
Friedlander, A.1990. Composing in English: effects of a first language on writing in English as a second language. In B. Kroll (ed.) Second Language Writing: Research Insights for the Classroom. New York: Cambridge University Press.
23.
Guzmán, J.R. (forthcoming). Cohesión léxica y textos narrativos: análisis cuantitativo en el contexto de la L1 y la L2 para traductores. Paper delivered at the XVI AEsLA Conference, Logroño, Spain.
24.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Hasan, R.1976. Cohesion in English. London : Longman.
25.
Hasan, R.1984. Coherence and cohesive harmony. In J. Flood (ed.). Understanding Reading Comprehension . Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
26.
Henner-Stanchina, C.1985. From reading to writing acts. In P. Riley (ed.). Discourse and Learning. New York: Longman.
27.
Hoey, M.1983. On the Surface of Discourse. London : Allen and Unwin.
28.
Hoey, M.1986. Overlapping patterns of discourse organization and their implications for clause relational analysis of problem-solution texts. In C.R. Cooper and S. Greenbaum (eds.). Studying Writing: Linguistic Approaches . CA: Sage Publications.
29.
Hoey, M.1991. Patterns of Lexis in Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30.
Hoey, M. and Winter, E.1986. Clause relations and the writer's communicative task. In B. Couture (ed.). Functional Approaches to Writing: Research Perspectives. London: Frances Pinter.
31.
Hofmann, T.R.1989. Paragraphs and anaphora. Journal of Pragmatics , 13, 239-250.
32.
Langer, J.A.1984. Examining background knowledge and text comprehension . Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 468-481.
33.
Lauer, J.M., Montague, G., Lunsford, A. and Emig, J.1985. Four Worlds of Writing. New York: Harper and Row.
34.
Lautamatti, L.1987. Observations on the development of the topic in simplified discourse. In U. Connor and R.B. Kaplan (eds.). Writing across Languages: Analysis of L2 Texts. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
35.
Lautamatti, L.1990. Coherence in spoken and written discourse. In U. Connor and A. M. Johns (eds.). Coherence: Research and Pedagogical Perspectives . Washington, DC: TESOL.
36.
Lee, J.F.1986. Background knowledge and L2 reading. The Modern Language Journal, 70, 350-354.
37.
Lindeberg, A.1985. Cohesion, coherence patterns, and EFL essay evaluation . In N. E. Enkvist (ed.) Coherence and Composition: a Symposium. Abo , Finland: Abo Akademi Foundation.
38.
McCulley, G.A.1985. Writing quality, coherence, and cohesion. Research in the Teaching of English, 19, 269-282.
39.
McNamara, D.S., Kintsch, E., Songer, N.B. and Kintsch, W.1996. Are good texts always better?Text coherence, background knowledge, and levels of understanding in learning from text.. Cognition and Instruction, 14, 1-43.
40.
McNamara, D.S. and Kintsch, W.1996. Learning from texts: effects of prior knowledge and text coherence. Discourse Processes, 22, 247-288.
41.
Mosenthal, J.H. and Tierney, R.J.1984. Cohesion problems with talking about text. Reading Research Quarterly, 19, 240-244.
42.
Neuner, J.L.1987. Cohesive ties and chains in good and poor freshman essays . Research in the Teaching of English, 21, 92-105.
43.
Norment, N.1995. Quantitative analyses of cohesive devices in Spanish and Spanish ESL in narrative and expository written texts. Language Quarterly, 33, 133-159.
44.
Nystrand, M.1986. The Structure of Written Communication. London: Academic Press.
45.
Palmer, J.C.1999. Implementing Cohesion in ESP Settings. In A. Bocanegra, M. C. Lario and P. López (eds.) Enfoques Teóricos y Prácticos de las Lenguas Aplicadas a las Ciencias y a las Tecnologías. Cádiz: Universidad de Cádiz.
46.
Reid, J.1992. A computer text analysis of four cohesion devices in English discourses by native and nonnative writers. Journal of Second Language Writing, 2, 79-107.
47.
Schiffrin, D.1994. Approaches to Discourse. Oxford : Blackwell.
48.
Tierney, R.J. and Mosenthal, J.H.1981. The Cohesion Concept's Relationship to the Coherence of Text. Technical report no. 221, Center for the Study of Reading. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois.
49.
Tobias, S.1994. Interest, Prior Knowledge, and Learning. Review of Educational Research, 64, 37-54.
50.
Trabasso, T., Secco, T. and van der Broek, P.1984. Causal cohesion and story coherence. In H. Mandl, N. L. Stein and T. Trabasso (eds.). Learning and Comprehension of Text, Hillsdale, N J: Erlbaum.
51.
Widdowson, H.G.1978. Teaching Language as Communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52.
Wikborg, E.1990. Types of coherence breaks in Swedish student writing: misleading paragraph division. In U. Connor and A. M. Johns (eds.). Coherence: Research and Pedagogical Perspectives. Washington, DC: TESOL.
53.
Winterowd, W.R.1970. Contemporary Rhetoric: a Conceptual Background with Reading . New York: Hartcourt Brace Jovanovich .
54.
Witte, S. and Faigley, L.1981. Coherence, cohesion, and writing quality. College Composition and Communication, 32, 189-204.
