Software architecture is high-level software design dealing with the structure and organization of large software systems. Architecture description languages (ADLs) are languages designed to represent software designs at the architecture level. ADLs are not widely used in the development of simulation systems. This research investigates the utility and effectiveness of ADLs for architecture-level design and analysis of simulation systems. Experimental applications of two ADLs to the specification and analysis of simulation architectures were conducted. Rapide was used to model the EnviroFed federation architecture and analyze data volume with and without interest management. Acme was used to model the ModSAF federate architecture and to analyze execution time at the component and federate levels in ModSAF. The experiments showed that ADLs could be used to discover important features of simulation system architectures.
Shaw, M. , and D. Garlan . 1996. Software architecture: Perspectives on an emerging discipline. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall .
2.
Barroca, L. , J. Hall , and P. Hall . 2000. An introduction and history of software architectures, components, and reuse. In Software architectures: Advances and applications, edited by L. Barroca , J. Hall , and P. Hall , 1-11. London: Springer .
3.
Schneider, J. , and O. Nierstrasz . 2000. Components, scripts, and glue. In Software architectures: Advances and applications, L. Barroca, J. Hall, and P. Hall, 13-25. London: Springer .
4.
Gamma, E. , R. Helm , R. Johnson , and J. Vlissides . 1995. Design patterns: Elements of reusable object-oriented software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley .
5.
Garlan, D. , and M. Shaw . 1993. An introduction to software architecture. In Advances in software engineering and knowledge engineering, edited by V. Ambriola and G. Tortora , 1-39. Singapore: World Scientific .
6.
Rumbaugh, J. , I. Jacobson , and G. Booch . 1999. The Unified Modeling Language reference manual. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley .
7.
Potter, B. , J. Sinclair , and D. Till . 1991. An introduction to formal specification and Z. London: Prentice Hall .
8.
Fuxman, A. D.1999. A survey of architecture description languages. Technical Report CSRG-407, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto .
9.
Jazayeri, M. , A. Ran , and F. van der Linden . 2000. Software architecture for product families: Principles and practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley .
10.
Magee, J. , N. Dulay , S. Eisenbach , and J. Kramer . 1995. Specifying distributed software architectures . In Proceedings of the Fifth European Software Engineering Conference ESEC ’95, September 25-28, Sitges, Spain, pp. 137-153 .
11.
Garlan, D. , R. Allen , and J. Ockerbloom . 1994. Exploiting style in architecture design environments . In Proceedings of SIGSOFT ’94: Foundations of Software Engineering, December 6-9, New Orleans, LA, pp. 175-188 .
12.
Allen, R. 1997. A formal approach to software architecture. Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
13.
Luckham, D. C. , L. M.Augustin , J. J. Kenney , J. Veera , D. Bryan , and W. Mann . 1995. Specification and analysis of system architecture using Rapide . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering21 (4): 336-355 .
14.
Luckham, D. C. , and J. Vera . 1995. An event-based architecture definition language . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering21 (9): 717-734 .
15.
Carnegie Mellon University . 1998. The Acme architectural description language. Accessed from http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/%7Eacme/
16.
Garlan, D. , R. T. Monroe , and D. Wile . 1997. Acme: An architecture description interchange language . In Proceedings of CASCON ’97, November 11, Toronto, Canada, pp. 169-183 .
17.
Shaw, M. , R. DeLine , D. Klein , T. Ross , D. Young , and G. Zelesnik . 1995. Abstractions for software architecture and tools to support them . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering21 (4): 314-335 .
18.
Thorpe, J. A. 1987. The new technology of large scale simulator networking: Implications for mastering the art of warfighting . In Proceedings of the 9th Interservice/Industry Training Systems Conference, November-December, Orlando, FL, pp. 492-501 .
19.
Pope, A. R.1989. The SIMNET network and protocols. Report No. 7102, BBN Systems and Technologies.
20.
Cosby, L. N.1995. SIMNET: An insider’s perspective. In Distributed interactive simulation systems for simulation and training in the aerospace environment, SPIE Critical Reviews of Optical Science and Technology, Vol. CR58, edited by T. L. Clarke , 59-72. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Press .
21.
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 1995. IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation—application protocols. IEEE Standard 1278.1, IEEE, New York .
22.
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 1998. IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation—application protocols. IEEE Standard 1278.1a, New York .
23.
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 1995. IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation—communication services and profiles. IEEE Standard 1278.2, New York .
24.
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 1996. IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation—exercise management and feedback. IEEE Standard 1278.3, New York .
25.
Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 1997. IEEE standard for distributed interactive simulation—verification, validation and accreditation. IEEE Standard 1278.4, New York .
26.
Kuhl, F. , R. Weatherly , and J. S. Dahmann . 1999. Creating computer simulation systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall .
27.
Dahmann, J. S. , F. Kuhl , and R. Weatherly . 1998. Standards for simulation: As simple as possible but not simpler: The High Level Architecture for simulation . SIMULATION71 (6): 378-387 .
28.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 2000. IEEE standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA)—framework and rules. IEEE Standard 1516, New York .
29.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 2000. IEEE standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA)—object model template (OMT) specification. IEEE Standard 1516.2, New York .
30.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers . 2000. IEEE standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) High Level Architecture (HLA)—federate interface specification. IEEE Standard 1516.1, New York .
31.
Banks, J. , J. S. Carson , and B. L. Nelson . 1996. Discrete-event system simulation. 2nd ed.Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall .
32.
Banks, J. , ed. 1998. Handbook of simulation: Principles, mMethodology, advances, applications, and practice. New York: John Wiley .
33.
Petty, M. D. , and E. W. Weisel . 2003. A composability lexicon . In Proceedings of the Spring 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop, March-April, Orlando, FL, pp. 181-187 .
34.
Luckham, D. C. 1996. Rapide: A language and toolset for simulation of distributed systems by partial orderings of events . In DIMACS Workshop on Partial Order Methods in Verification, July 24-26, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, pp. 329-358 .
35.
Rapide Design Team . 1997. Guide to the Rapide 1.0 language reference manual (draft). Stanford, CA: Computer Systems Lab, Stanford University .
36.
Katiyar, D. , D. C. Luckham , and J. Mitchell . 1994. A type system for prototyping languages . In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, January 17-21, Portland, OR, pp. 138-150 .
37.
Guimbretiere, F. V. , D. C. Luckham , and F. C. Belz . 1995. Rapide ADS HLA simulation: A simple illustrative demonstration. Unpublished paper.
38.
Luckham, D. C. , F. V. Guimbretierre , H. Wang , and Y. Lu . 1995. Applying event-based modelling to the ADS High Level Architecture development process. Unpublished paper.
39.
Integrated Natural Environment (INE) . 2001. EnviroFed phase III demonstration CD. Alexandria, VA: Defense Modeling and Simulation Office .
40.
Kompanek, A.1998. Modelling a system with Acme. Accessed from http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/%7Eacme/acme_extending_acme.html
41.
Kompanek, A.1998. AcmeStudio user’s manual. Accessed from http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/%7Eacme/acme_documentation.html
42.
Monroe, R. T.1998. Capturing software architecture design expertise with Armani. Technical Report CMU-CS-98-163, CMU School of Computer Science .
43.
Spitznagel, B. , and D. Garlan . 1998. Architecture-based performance analysis . In Proceedings of the 1998 Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, June 19-20, San Francisco.
44.
Petty, M. D. , F. D. McKenzie , and Q. Xu . 2002. Software architecture description languages for simulation applications: Tutorial, survey, and experiment report. VMASC Technical Report.
