A Secure and Energy-Efficient Scheme for Group-Based Routing in Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Sensor Networks and Its Simulation Analysis

Abstract

We present Fuzzy Group-Based Routing Algorithm (FGRA), a secure, energy-efficient scheme for routing in sensor networks. In this scheme, we consider the formation of multipaths for routing. Using fuzzy logic for generating decisions of forwarding or withholding packets, we show that our scheme is robust, efficient and scalable for a large number of nodes. In our scheme, routing takes place with the help of groups of nodes, which includes situations when the nodes are disconnected. We incorporate security in the design of our routing algorithm by using a mobile-agents-based approach. Our scheme is data-centric where named data packets are considered as the focal point of the system, and in this way it can be adapted for any application. We perform some simulations in NS2, and demonstrate that our scheme shows good performance results with scope for additional research.

Keywords

fuzzy logic sensor networks routing modeling and simulation performance evaluation

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Intanagonwiwat, C. , R. Govindan and D. Estrin. 2000. Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks . In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom'2000) , Boston, Massachusetts.

Pottie, G. and W. Kaiser. 2000. Wireless sensor networks . Communications of the ACM, 43(5): 51-58.

Heinzelman, W.R. , A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan. 2000. Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks . In Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii.

Zhang, R. , X. Zhu. 2005. Fuzzy Routing in QoS Networks . In Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery , LNCS, vol. 3614, pp. 880- 890.

Ganesan, D. , R. Govindan , S. Shenker and D. Estrin. 2001. Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks . ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 5(4): 11-25.

Thomas, M. , A. Gupta and S. Keshav. 2006. Group Based Routing in Disconnected Ad Hoc Networks. In Proceedings of International Conference of High Performance Computing (HiPC 2006), pp. 399-410.

Zhang, L. , Z. Hu , Y. Li , X. Tang. 2007. Grouping-Based Clustering Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of International Conference on Wireless Communication (WiCom 2007), pp. 2452-2455.

Zhang, R. and K. Long. 2002. A Fuzzy Routing Mechanism in Next Generation Networks . In Proceedings of IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISC'2002), Tsukuba City, Japan, pp. 86-91.

Zhang, X. , S. Cheng , M.-Y. Feng and W. Ding. 2004. Fuzzy Logic QoS Dynamic Source Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks . In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT'04) , pp. 652-657.

10.

Wu, J. , S. Dulman , P.J.M. Havinga. 2004. Reliable Splitted Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks . In Proceedings of International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing (NPC2004), pp. 592-600.

11.

Huang, X. , Y. Fang. 2007. Multiconstrained QoS multipath routing in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks , http://www.springerlink.com/content/x52/ln512g4170626/.

12.

Martyna, J. 2006. Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks . Computational Intelligence , 23: 637- 645.

13.

Kim, M.S. , T.H. Cho . 2007. A Fuzzy-Based En-Route Filtering Scheme in Sensor Networks . In Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications: With Aspects of Theoretical and Methodological Issues (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series, vol 468). pp 230-239.

14.

Thongpook, T. 2005. Adaptive Fuzzy Zone Routing for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. In Halgamuge S. K., L. Kang (eds.) Classification and Clustering for Knowledge Discovery, Springer : Berlin, Heidelberg , pp. 333-347.

15.

Berkeley, U. and U. Isi . 1998. The network simulator ns-2, 1998. Part of the VINT project. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns . Accessed 4th July 2007.

16.

Li, Z. and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves . 2005. Enhancing the Security of On-demand Routing in Ad Hoc Networks . In Proceedings on International Conference on Ad Hoc Networks and Wireless (Ad Hoc NOW 2005) .

17.

Srinivasan T. , R. Chandrasekar , and V. Vijaykumar. 2006. A fuzzy, energy-efficient scheme for data centric multipath routing in wireless sensor networks . In Proceedings of 2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), pp. 5, April 2006, Bangalore.