Copper salts were found to stabilize tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium hydroxide (THPOH)-ammonium hydroxide solutions by formation of a complex thereby making it possible to apply THPOH to cotton fabric from a single bath without the use of gaseous ammonia.
The effect of the concentration of copper salts, THPOH, and NH4OH on the stability of the solution was studied. Cotton fabric with good flame retardancy, strength retention, and hand was obtained by the use of conventional pad-cure techniques for applying the solutions. Cotton fabrics with approximately 17% add-ons retained their flame retardancy after 25 home launderings.
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Tentative Test Method 16A–1964.
2.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ASTM Designation (a) 39–49; (b) D1424–56T; (c) D684–54.
3.
BeninateJ. V.BoylstonE. K.DrakeG. L.Jr.ReevesW. A., Conventional Pad-Dry-Cure Process for Durable-Flame and Wrinkle Resistance With Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Hydroxide (THPOH), Textile Res. J. 38, 267–272 (1968).
4.
BeninateJ. V.BoylstonE. K.DrakeG. L.Jr.ReevesW. A., Better Flame Resistant Finish for Cottons, Textile Ind. 131, No. 11, 110–112 (1967).
5.
DrakeG. L.Jr.BeninateJ. V.GuthrieJ. D., Application of the APO-THPC Flame Retardant to Cotton Fabric, Am. Dyestuff Reptr. 50, 129–134 (1961).
6.
FrickJ. G.Jr.WeaverJ. W.ReidJ. D., Flame-Resistant Cotton Fabrics: An Emulsion Treatment Using an Organic Phosphorus-Bromine Polymer, Textile Res. J. 25, 100–105 (1955).
7.
HamalainenC.GuthrieJ. D., Bromine-Containing Phosphonitrilates as Flame Retardants for Cotton, Textile Res. J. 26, 141–144 (1956).
8.
HamalainenC.ReevesW. A.GuthrieJ. D., Cotton Made Flame-Resistant with Bromine-Containing Phosphonitrilates in Combination with THPC Resins, Textile Res. J. 26, 145–149 (1956).
9.
ReevesW. A.DrakeG. L.Jr.ChanceL. H.GuthrieJ. D., Flame Retardants for Cotton Using APO- and APS-THPC Resins, Textile Res. J. 27, 260–266 (1957).
10.
ReevesW. A.GuthrieJ. D., U. S. Dept. of Agr. and Ind. Chem. Mimeo., Circ. Ser. AIC-364, November 2, 1953 (rev. May 11, 1954).
11.
ReidJ. D.FrickJ. G.Jr.ArceneauxR. L., A Compounded Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics, Textile Res. J. 26, 137–140 (1956).
12.
U. S. Federal Supply Service, “Soap Chip.” Federal Specifications P-S 566a (Jan. 24, 1942); P-S 580a (March 20, 1959).
13.
U. S. Federal Supply Service“Textile Test Methods,” Federal Specifications CCC-T-191b. (a) Method 5902, (b) Method 5202.
