Theory and Practice of Localized Fabric Deformations

This paper considers in detail the influence of fabric side tension in the single yarn pull-out test and the associated microdisplacements when a single yarn is progressively pulled from a weave. The side tension force per yarn has been varied from near zero to values approximately one-half of the value required to completely pull the transverse yarn from the fabric. The variation of this side tension influences several characteristic values and derived parameters that may be obtained from the force-displacement profile and monitored microdisplacements. As the side tension is increased, the fabric becomes slightly stiffer, and it is increasingly more difficult to initiate and maintain the yarn pull-out. These trends have been interpreted using two simple models that describe the force transmission in the fabric during pull-out and the force at the cross over junctions at the initiation of the pull-out and during the continuous pulling of the yarn from the fabric. The models predict the behavior of the system with reasonable accuracy.