A qualitative study of the sociometric relationships was conducted among high level administrators at an urban district's central office with respect to their knowledge of and attitudes toward school-based innovations. Analysis of data found little evidence either structural or behavioral ht personnel in this school district's central office had a clear understanding of what innovation is or of the complexity inherent in implementation processes. The lack of leadership, the overreliance on externally-funded programs, and the proliferation of unrelated job responsibilities all contimbute to the district's limited effect on school-based innovations.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Baldridge, J. V. , & Deal, T. (1975). Managing change in educational organizations. Berkeley, CA: McCuthan Publishing.
2.
Bogotch, I. , & Brooks, C. (1994). Linkdng school level innovations with an urban school district's central office, Journal of School Leadership, 4(1), 12-27.
3.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
4.
Caldwell, D. S. , & Wood, F. H. (1988). School based improvement: Are we ready?Educational Leadership, 46(2), 50-53
5.
Casner-Lotto, J. (1988). Expanding the teacher's role: Hammond's school improvement. Phi Delta Kappan, 69(5), 349-353.
6.
Clark, D. , & Astuto, T. (1988). Paradoxical choice options in organizations. In D. Griffiths, R. Stout, & P. Forsyth (Eds.), Leaders for America's schools: The report and papers of the National Commission on Excellence in educational administration (pp. 112-130). Berkeley, CA: McCuthan Publishing.
7.
Cuban, L. (1992). Managing dilemmas while building professional communities. Educational Researcher, 21(2), 4-11.
8.
David, J. (1989). Synthesis of research on school based management. Educational Leader- ship, 46(8), 45-53.
9.
David, J. (1990). Restructuring in progress: Lessons from pioneering districts. In R. Elmore, & Assoc. (Eds.), Restructuring schools, Chapter 7, San FrancisCO:Jossey-Bass.
10.
Davidson, B. (1992). Building school capacity to accelerate learning: A study of the restructuring of four elementary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of New Orleans.
11.
DeVries, R. , & Colbert, J. (1990). The Los Angeles experience: Individually oriented staff development. In B. Joyce (Ed.), Changing school culture through staff development, (1990 yearbook). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
12.
Dillion-Peterson, B. (1990). The Lincoln experience: Development of an ecosystem. In B. Joyce (Ed.), Changing school culture through staff development, (1990 yearbook). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
13.
Dreyfuss, G. O. , Cistone, P., & Ellis, W. (1992). Restructuring in a large district: Dade County, FL. In C. Glickman (Ed.), Supervision and training. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
14.
Drucker, P. (1966). The effective executive. New York: Harper & Row.
15.
Drucker, P. , (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York: Harper & Row.
16.
French, J. R. , & Raven, B. (197 8). The basis of social power. In W. Natemeyer (Ed.), Classics of organizational behavior. Oak Park, IL: Moore Publishing.
17.
Fullan, M. (1982). The meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.
18.
Gittell, M. (1967). Participants and participation. New York: Praeger.
19.
Gittell, M. , & Hollander, T. (1968). Six urban school districts: Model for analyzing change. New York: Praeger.
20.
Goodlad, J. (1978). Educational leadership toward the third era. Educational Leadership, 35, 322-331.
21.
Johnston, B. (1985). Organizational structure and ideology in schooling. Educational Theory, 35(4), 333-344.
22.
Kouzes, J. , & Posner, B. (1991). The leadership challenge: How to get extraordinary things done in organizations. San FrancisCO:Jossey Bass.
23.
Meyer, J. (1983). Organizational factors affecting legalization in education. In J. Meyer & W. R. Scott (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (pp. 217-232). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
24.
Miles, M. (1964). Innovation and education. New York: Teachers College Press.
25.
National Association of Secondary School Principals . (1989). School site management. The Practitioner, 16(2), 1-6.
26.
Pajak, E. (1992). A view from the central office. In C. Glickman (Ed.), Supervision and training. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
27.
Peters, T. , & Waterman, R. (1982). In search of excellence. New York: Harper & Row.
28.
Peterson, P. (1978). School politics Chicago style. University of Chicago Press.
29.
Rodgers, D. (1969). 110 Livingston Street. New York: Vantage.
30.
Rosenholtz, S. (1989). Teacher's workplace: The social organization of school. New York: Longman.
31.
Rowan, B. (1982). Instructional management in historic perspective: Evidence on differentiation in school districts. Educational Administration Quarterly, 18(1), 43-55.
32.
Scott, W. (1978). Organizational theory: An overview and an appraisal. In J. Shafritz & P. Whitbeck (Eds.), Classics of organizational theory. Oak Park, IL: Moore Publishing.
33.
Senge, P. (1990). The fifth discipline. New York: Doubleday.
34.
Sickler, J. L. (1988). Teachers in charge: Empowering the professionals. Phi Delta Kappan, 69(5), 354-376.
35.
Wimpelberg, R. K. , (1987). The dilemma of instructional leadership and a central role for the central office. In W. Greenfield (Ed.), Instructional leadership concepts, issues, and controversies (pp. 100-117). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
