With nearly 8.2% of Americans experiencing substance use disorders (SUDs), a need exists for effective SUD treatment and for strategies to assist treatment participants to complete treatment programs (Chandler, Fletcher, & Volkow, 2009). The purpose of the current research is to contribute to an emerging knowledge base about treatment readiness and its utility for predicting substance use treatment process performance measures. The study examines the relative salience of treatment readiness as a predictor of treatment engagement. Data are derived from adult cases included in the 2012 Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Intake data set (n = 5,443). Binary logistic regression was used to identify if treatment readiness predicts substance use treatment engagement. The findings of this study do not provide support for treatment readiness significantly predicting substance use treatment engagement. Further research is needed to better understand treatment engagement.
AcevedoA.GarnickD. W.LeeM. T.HorganC. M.RitterG.PanasL.ReynoldsM. (2012).
Racial and ethnic differences in substance abuse treatment initiation and engagement. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse,
11(1), 1–21.
2.
AllisonM.HubbardR. L. (1985).
Drug abuse treatment process: A review of the literature. Substance Use & Misuse,
20(9), 1321–1345.
3.
BecanJ. E.KnightD. K.CrawleyR. D.JoeG. W.FlynnP. M. (2015).
Effectiveness of the Treatment Readiness and Induction Program for increasing adolescent motivation for change. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,
50, 38–49.
4.
BrocatoJ.WagnerE. F. (2008).
Predictors of retention in an alternative-to-prison substance abuse treatment program. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
35, 99–119.
5.
BroomeK. M.SimpsonD. D.JoeG. W. (1999).
Patient and program attributes related to treatment process indicators in DATOS. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
57, 127–135.
6.
BrownC. H.BennettM. E.LiL.BellackA. S. (2011).
Predictors of initiation and engagement in substance abuse treatment among individuals with co-occurring serious mental illness and substance use disorders. Addictive Behaviors,
36(5), 439–447.
7.
ChandlerR. K.FletcherB. W.VolkowN. D. (2009).
Treating drug abuse and addiction in the criminal justice system: Improving public health and safety. JAMA,
301(2), 183–190.
8.
DayA.CaseyS.WardT.HowellsK.VessJ. (2010). Transitions to better lives: Offender readiness and rehabilitation.
Portland, OR:
Willan Publishing.
9.
De LeonG.MelnickG.HawkeJ. (2000).
The motivation-readiness factor in drug treatment: Implications for research and policy. Advances in Medical Sociology,
7, 103–129.
10.
De LeonG.MelnickG.KresselD. (1997).
Motivation and readiness for therapeutic community treatment among cocaine and other drug abusers. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,
23, 169–189.
11.
De LeonG.MelnickG.KresselD.JainchillN. (1994).
Circumstances, motivation, readiness, and suitability (The CMRS Scales): Predicting retention in therapeutic community treatment. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,
20, 495–515.
12.
DennisM. L.ChanY. F.FunkR. R. (2006).
Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GAIN-SS) for psychopathology and crime/violence among adolescents and adults. The American Journal on Addictions,
15(suppl. 1), 80–91.
13.
DennisM. L.ScottC. K.GodleyM. D.FunkR. (2000).
Predicting outcomes in adult and adolescent treatment with case mix vs. level of care: Findings from the drug outcome monitoring study. Journal of Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
60(suppl. 1), s51.
14.
FlorentineR.AnglinM. D. (1996).
More is better: Counseling participation and the effectiveness of outpatient drug treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,
13(4), 341–348.
15.
FlorentineR.AnglinM. D.Gil-RivasV.TaylorE. (1997).
Drug treatment: Explaining the gender paradox. Substance Use & Misuse,
32(6), 653–678.
16.
FreyerJ.ToniganJ. S.KellerS.RumpfH.JohnU.HapkeU. (2005).
Readiness for change and readiness for help-seeking: A composite assessment of client motivation. Alcohol & Alcoholism,
40, 540–544.
17.
GAIN Coordinating Center. (2013). GAIN-I encyclopedia of supplemental documentation on scales and other calculated variables [Electronic version].
Normal, IL:
Chestnut Health Systems. Retrieved from https://chestnut.app.box.com/v/GAIN-I-Materials/file/63671479297
18.
GaineyR. R.WellsE. A.HawkinsJ. D.CatalanoR. F. (1993).
Predicting treatment retention among cocaine users. Substance Use & Misuse,
28(6), 487–505.
19.
GarnickD. W.LeeM. T.O’brienP. L.PanasL.RitterG. A.AcevedoA.GodleyM. D. (2012).
The Washington circle engagement performance measures’ association with adolescent treatment outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
124(3), 250–258.
20.
GarnickD. W.HorganC. M.AcevedoA.LeeM. T.PanasL.RitterG. A., . . . WrightD. (2014).
Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,
46(3), 295–305.
21.
GodleyM. D.GodleyS. H.DennisM. L.FunkR. R.PassettiL. L. (2007).
The effect of assertive continuing care on continuing care linkage, adherence, and abstinence following residential treatment for adolescents with substance use disorders. Addiction,
102(1), 81–93.
22.
Green-HennesseyS. (2002).
Factors associated with receipt of behavioral health services among persons with substance dependence. Psychiatric Services,
53(12), 1592–1598.
23.
HarrisA. H.HumphreysK.BoweT.TietQ.FinneyJ. W. (2010).
Does meeting the HEDIS substance abuse treatment engagement criterion predict patient outcomes?The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research,
37(1), 25–39.
24.
HepburnJ. R.AlbonettiC. A. (1994).
Recidivism among drug offenders: A survival analysis of the effects of offender characteristics, type of offense, and two types of intervention. Journal of Quantitative Criminology,
10(2), 159–179.
25.
HillerM. L.KnightK.LeukefeldC.SimpsonD. D. (2002).
Motivation as a predictor of therapeutic engagement in mandated residential substance abuse treatment. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
29, 56–75.
26.
JoeG. W.SimpsonD. D. (1975).
Retention in treatment of drug users: 1971–1972 DARP admissions. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,
2(1), 63–71.
27.
JoeG. W.SimpsonD. D.BroomeK. M. (1998).
Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of process. Addiction,
93, 1177–1190.
28.
JoeG. W.SimpsonD. D.BroomeK. M. (1999).
Retention and patient engagement models for different treatment modalities in DATOS. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
57, 113–125.
29.
KimT. W.SaitzR.ChengD. M.WinterM. R.WitasJ.SametJ. H. (2011).
Initiation and engagement in chronic disease management care for substance dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
115(1), 80–86.
30.
KnightK.HillerM. L.BroomeK. M.SimpsonD. D. (2000).
Legal pressure, treatment readiness, and engagement in long-term residential programs. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation,
31, 101–115.
31.
LennoxR. D.DennisM. L.ScottC. K.FunkR. R. (2006).
Combining psychometric and biometric measures of substance use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
83, 95–103.
32.
LongshoreD.TeruyaC. (2006).
Treatment motivation in drug users: A theory-based analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
81, 179–188.
33.
McConnaughyE. A.DiClementeC. C.ProchaskaJ. O.VelicerW. F. (1989).
Stages of change in psychotherapy: A follow-up report. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training,
26(4), 494–503.
34.
McMurranM.WardT. (2010).
Treatment readiness, treatment engagement and behaviour change. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health,
20(2), 75–85.
35.
MorralA. R.McCaffreyD. F.RidgewayG.MukherjiA.BeighleyC. (2006). The relative effectiveness of 10 adolescent substance abuse treatment programs in the United States.
Pittsburgh, PA:
RAND Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2006/RAND_TR346.pdf
36.
MossièreA.SerinR. (2014).
A critique of models and measures of treatment readiness in offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior,
19(4), 383–389.
37.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health. (2013). Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings.
Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
38.
PrendergastM.GreenwellL.FarabeeD.HserY. (2008).
Influence of perceived coercion and motivation on treatment completion and re-arrest among substance-abusing offenders. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research,
36, 159–176.
39.
SimpsonD. D.JoeG. W.Rowan-SzalG.GreenerJ. (1995).
Client engagement and change during drug abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse,
7(1), 117–134.
40.
WardT.DayA.HowellsK.BirgdenA. (2004).
The multifactor offender readiness model. Aggression and Violent Behavior,
9(6), 645–673.
41.
WeisnerC.MertensJ.TamT.MooreC. (2001).
Factors affecting the initiation of substance abuse treatment in managed care. Addiction,
96(5), 705–716.
42.
WhiteM. K.FunkR. R.WhiteW. L.DennisM. L. (2004). Predicting violent behavior in adolescent cannabis users: The GAIN-CVI. In KnightK.FarabeeD. (Eds.), Treating addicted offenders: A continuum of effective practices (pp. 3-1–3-7).
Kingston, NJ:
Civic Research Institute.
