Delineating Psychological Boundaries in Urban Tourism: Development and Outcomes of the Perceived Tourist-Resident Segregation Scale

Abstract

The impacts of urban tourism on local communities have drawn increasing attention, yet quantitative studies to evaluate these effects remain limited. This study addresses this gap by developing and validating the Perceived Tourism Urban Segregation (PTUS) scale, a multidimensional instrument capturing residents’ perception of tourism-related segregation. Following Churchill’s scale development method and drawing on 36 stakeholder and resident interviews, this scale extends beyond conventional housing and interaction segregation to introduce two novel dimensions: facility segregation and consumption segregation. These dimensions reveal how tourism reshapes access to public amenities and consumption spaces, influencing residential satisfaction. Challenging the assumption that segregation is inherently negative, the findings reveal both positive and negative impacts, highlighting tourism’s complex social implications. By embedding PTUS in a residential satisfaction model, the study offers a theoretical and practical framework for identifying and addressing tourism-related exclusion, equipping policymakers and urban planners to foster more inclusive urban tourism development.

Keywords

perceived tourism urban segregation scale scale development socio-spatial impacts tourist–resident segregation urban tourism

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