The estimation of demand elasticities in international tourism has been the subject of numerous empirical studies conducted over the last three decades. These studies have collectively analyzed a wide variety of situations. In particular, the findings span a diverse combination of origin and destination pairs representing extremes in terms of length of haul. This study integrates the empirical findings of 80 studies of international tourism demand using meta-analysis. The aim was to identify whether a systematic difference exists between long-haul and short-haul tourism. Income, price, exchange rate, transportation cost, and promotional expenditure elasticities of demand have been analyzed. In addition, underlying growth rates of long-haul tourism have been contrasted to the growth in short-haul tourism.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anastasopoulos, Petros G. E. (1984). Interdependencies in International Travel: The Role of Relative Prices. A Case Study of the Mediterranean Region. Ph.D. diss., New School for Social Research.
2.
Askari, Gholam Hossein (1973). "Demand for Travel to Europe by American Citizens ." Economia Internazionale, 26 (May): 305-17.
3.
Crouch, Geoffrey I. (1993a). "The Study of International Tourism Demand: A Survey of Practice." Journal of Travel Research, 32 (Spring): 41-57.
4.
_ ( 1993b). "The Study of International Tourism Demand: A Review of Findings." Journal of Travel Research, 33 (Summer): 12-23.
5.
Diamond, Peter (1969). "On the Economics of Tourism." East African Economic Review, December: 53-63.
6.
Farley, John U., and Donald R. Lehmann (1986). Meta-Analysis in Marketing . Lexington, MA: Lexington Books .
7.
Glass, Gene V., Barry McGaw, and Mary Lee Smith (1981). Meta-Analysis in Social Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
8.
Gray, Christine, and Marion Herbert (1983). "Choosing a Country for a Holiday — Knowledge Versus Fantasy." In Seminar on the Importance of Research in the Tourism Industry. European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research, Helsinki, Finland, 8-11 June, pp. 67-85.
9.
Harrop, Jeffrey (1973). "On the Economics of the Tourist Boom." Bulletin of Economic Research, May: 55-72.
10.
Hunter, John E., Frank L. Schmidt, and Gregg B. Jackson (1982). Meta-Analysis: Cumulating Research Findings Across Studies. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
11.
Hunter, John E., and Frank L. Schmidt (1990). Methods of Meta-Analysis . Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications .
12.
Johnson, Peter, and John Ashworth (1990). "Modeling Tourism Demand: A Summary Review." Leisure Studies, 9 (2): 145-61.
13.
Jud, G. Donald (1974). "Tourism and Economic Growth in Mexico Since 1950." Inter-American Economic Affairs, 28 (1): 19-43.
14.
Jud, G. Donald, and Hyman Joseph (1974). "International Demand for Latin American Tourism ." Growth and Change, 5 (1): 25-31.
15.
Krause, Walter, G. Donald Jud, and Hyman Joseph (1973). International Tourism and Latin American Development . Austin: The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Business Research, Graduate School of Business.
16.
Mayo, Edward J., and Lance P. Jarvis (1986). "Objective Distance Versus Subjective Distance and the Attraction of the Far-Off Destination." In Tourism Services Marketing: Advances in Theory and Practice, edited by W. B. Joseph, L. Moutmho, and I. R. Vernon.Miami: Academy of Marketing Science, University of Miami, pp. 43-52.
17.
Moncur, James E. T. (1978). Thailand's Tourism: An Analysis of Visitor Length of Stay and Expenditures. Discussion Paper Series, No. 69. Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University.
18.
Raju, Nambury S., Rodney Fralicx, and Stephen D. Steinhaus (1986). "Covariance and Regression Slope Models for Studying Validity Generalization." Applied Psychological Measurement, 10 (2): 195-211.
19.
Socher, Karl (1986). "Tourism in the Theory of International Trade and Payments." The Tourist Review, 41 (3): 24-26.
20.
Straszheim, Mahlon R. (1969). The International Airline Industry. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
21.
Tellis, Gerard A. (1988a). "The Price Elasticity of Selective Demand: A Meta-Analysis of Econometnc Models of Sales." Journal of Marketing Research, 25 (4): 331-41.
22.
_ ( 1988b). The Price Elasticity of Selective Demand: A Meta-Analysis of Sales Response Models. Technical Working Paper, Report No. 88-105. Marketing Science Institute, Cambridge, MA.
23.
Uysal, Muzaffer, and John L. Crompton (1984). "Determinants of Demand for International Tourist Flows to Turkey." Tourism Management , 5 (4): 288-97.
24.
Var, Turgut, Golam Mohammad, and Orhan Icoz (1990). "Factors Affecting International Tourism Demand for Turkey." Annals of Tourism Research, 17 (4): 606-38.
25.
White, Kenneth J. (1985). "An International Travel Demand Model: U.S. Travel to Western Europe." Annals of Tourism Research, 12 (4): 529-45.
26.
Williams, A.V., and W. Zelinsky (1970). "On Some Patterns in International Tourist Flows ." Economic Geography, 46 (4): 549-67.
27.
Wolf, Frednc M. (1986). Meta-Analysis: Quantitative Methods for Research Synthesis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
