Methods of Fluid Administration for Resuscitation and Hydration under Difficult Circumstances: Part 2 — Alternative Routes

Arias MM Alcaraz GM Bernal C Gonzalez G . Oral rehydration with a plantain flour-based solution in children dehydrated by acute diarrhoea: a clinical trial. Acta Paediatrica 1997;86:1047–51.

Greenough WB . Oral rehydration therapy. Lancet 1995;345: 1568–9.

Sachdev HP . Oral rehydration therapy. J Indian Med Assoc 1996;94:298–305.

Fayad IM Hashem M Duggan C Comparative efficacy of rice-based and glucose-based oral rehydration salts plus early reintroduction of food. Lancet 1993;342:772–5.

Myers A . Outpatient oral rehydration. Annals Emerg Med 1997;29:552–3.

Santucci KA Anderson AC Lewander WJ Linakis JG . Frozen oral hydration as an alternative to conventional enteral fluids. Arch Pediat Adolescent Med 1998;152:142–6.

Gremse DA . Effectiveness of nasogastric rehydration in hospitalized children with acute diarrhoea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutrition 1995;21:145–8.

Dardaine V Garrigue MA Rapin CH Constans T . Metabolic and hormonal changes induced by hypodermoclysis of glucose-saline solution in elderly patients. J Gerontol Series A 1995;50:M334–6.

O'Keefe ST Lavan JN . Subcutaneous fluids in elderly hospital patients with cognitive impairment. Gerontology 1996;42:36–9.

Ferrand S Campbell AJ . Safe, simple subcutaneous fluid administration. Br J Hosp Med 1996;55:690–2.

Abdulla A Keast J . Hypodermoclysis as a means of rehydration. Nursing Times 1997;93:54–5.

Noble-Adams R . Dehydration: subcutaneous fluid administration. Br J Nursing 1995;4:488, 490, 492–4.

Worobec G Brown MK . Hypodermoclysis therapy in a chronic care hospital setting. J Gerontol Nursing 1997;23: 23–8.

Bruera E de Stoutz ND Fainsinger RL Spachynski K Suarez-Alamazor M Hanson J . Proctoclysis for hydration of terminally ill cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Mgmt 1995;10:505–9.

Hussain NA Warshaw G . Utility of clysis in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:969–73.

Hurren JS Dunn KW . Intraosseous infusion for burns resuscitation. Burns 1995;21:285–7.

Needham D . Proctoclysis for hydration. Lancet 1995;345: 596.

Bruera E Pruvost M Schoeller T Montelo G Watnabe S . Proctoclysis for hydration of terminally ill cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Mgnt 1998;15:216–19.

Advanced Paediatric Life Support, 3rd edn. London: BMJ Publishing, 1993.

Tovey FI . Fluid and electrolyte balance for adults (without a biochemical laboratory). Trop Doct 1999;29:49–53.

Yentis SM Hirsch NP Smith GB . Anaesthesia A-Z, 2nd edn. London: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995.