Abstract
The prevalence of Legionella pneumophila causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients who were admitted to hospital was investigated. Between April 1997 and December 1998, 60 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences with CAP, were included in the study. Aetiological diagnosis was based on the results of routine microbiological blood culture for bacteria and serological test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. pneumophila serogroup 1–7. Eight (13%) patients had a conventional bacterial aetiology and nine (15%) had serological evidence of recent infection with L. pneumophila. Legionella pneumophila may be an important cause of CAP in adults in developing countries. Empiric antimicrobial treatment should include a combination of agents to cover both atypical agents and bacterial pathogens.