American Heritage Dictionary. 1991. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
2.
Baldwin, J.1997. If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is? Rethinking Schools: An Urban Educational Journal12(1):16.
3.
Baugh, J.1983. Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure and SurvivalAustin: University of Texas Press .
4.
Bloome, D., and J. Lemke , eds. 1995. Special Issue: Africanized English and Education. Linguistics and Education7 (2).
5.
Dyson, A.1997. What the Children Convey: On Matters of Time, Talk, and Ebonics. Quarterly of the National Writing Project19 (1):1-12.
6.
Fordham, S.1988. Racelessness as a Factor in Black Students' School Success: Pragmatic Strategy or Pyrrhic Victory. Harvard Educational Review58 (1):54-84.
7.
hooks, b.1994. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom . New York: Routledge Kegan Paul .
8.
Kochman, T.1981. Black and White Styles in Conflict. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
9.
Labov, W.1972. Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Yernacular. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
10.
Linguistic Society of America.1997. Linguistic Society of America Resolution on Ebonics. Rethinking Schools: An Urban Educational Journal, 12(1):27.
11.
Lipsky, S.1978. Internalized Oppression: Black Reemergence, 5-10.
12.
McIntosh, P.1988. White Privilege and Male Privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondence through work in women's studies. (Working paper no. 189Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women.
13.
Ogbu, J.1978. Minority Education and Caste. New York : Academic Press.
14.
Scollon, R., and S. Scollon.1982. Narrative, Literacy and Face in Interethnic Communication. Norwood, NJ: Ablex .
15.
Scott, J.1992. Deficit Theories, Ethnic Dialects, and Literacy Research: When and Why Recycling Is Not Cost Efficient. In Literacy Research, Theory and Practice : Views from Many Perspectives, edited by C. Kinzer and D. Leu.Chicago: National Reading Conference.
16.
Scott, J., and G. Smitherman.1985. Language Attitudes and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies in the Elementary School. In The English Language Today, edited by Sidney Greenbaum.Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
17.
Smitherman, G.1986. Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America . Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
18.
———— 1998. Ebonics, King, and Oakland: Some Folk Don't Believe Fat Meat Is Greasy. Journal of English Linguistics26 (2):95-105.
19.
Straker, D.1987. Situational Variables in Language Use. (Technical Report no. 167Champaign, IL: Center for the Study of Reading.
20.
Turner, Lorenzo.1949. Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect. New York: Arno Press.
21.
Verschueren, J.1984. Linguistics and Crosscultural Communication. Language and Society13:489-509.
22.
Williams, R.L.1975. Ebonics: The True Language of Black Folks. St. Louis, MO: Institute of Black Studies .