Toothless Tiger or Roaring Lion? A Surrejoinder to Underwager and Wakefield

Arnold focuses on three issues in his response to Underwager and Wakefield. (a) He recognizes the clarification of their understanding of the ontological status of Satan, but takes exception to their accusation that he understands the philosophy of science exclusively in logical positivist terms. On the contrary, he points out that it is Underwager and Wakefield who have a restricted understanding of the role of worldview in relationship to the issue of evil spirits. (b) Arnold once again suggests that Underwager and Wakefield's understanding of the present role of Satan is triumphalistic and far too restricted. He especially takes issue with their contention that Satan's only remaining capacity is to lie. Arnold also stresses the responsibility of believers to actualize their new identity in Christ as the primary means of resisting the influence of Satan. (c) Finally, Arnold contends that he is presenting the New Testament concept of freedom and thereby is certainly not leading people to a new form of legalism as Underwager and Wakefield charge.