Beginning with the observation that many Muslims seem less concerned about sin and guilt than they are about defilement and pollution, this article explores anthropological perspectives as well as those of formal and folk Islam on defilement and cleansing. It argues that avoiding and dealing with defilement is central to the worldview and daily lives of most Muslims, and that it pervades both formal and folk expressions of Islam. Perspectives on defilement and cleansing in Islam are then compared with biblical understandings, leading to suggestions for initial encounter with Muslims and for discipleship and worship practices among Muslim Background Believers.
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