The Distribution and Exchange of Information in Problem-Solving Dyads

Abstract

The effects on the outcomes of problem-solving of homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of information and the use of perspective-taking and egocentric-presentation processes of information exchange within problem-solving dyads were examined. Subjects were given incomplete information relevant to solving a complex problem and were instructed to engage in perspective-taking or egocentric-presentation behaviors while discussing the problem with a confederate. The confederate presented either similar or different information and engaged in either perspective-taking or egocentric-presentation behaviors, depending upon the condition. The results indicate that perspective-taking as a process of information exchange affects the quality of problem-solving, perceptions of the extent to which problem solvers value and attempt to understand and consider each other's information, interpersonal trust, and attitudes toward fellow problem-solvers and the problem-solving experience. Heterogeneity of information did not affect problem-solving outcomes when perspective-taking was being used, but had negative effects when egocentric-presentation was being used

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