An examination of U.S. feminists’ attempts at solidarity and interactions with Latin American movements and activists between 1970 and 1989 focuses on two radical feminist organizations—the Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance (ALFA) and the Women’s International Resource Exchange (WIRE)—in order to illuminate the complicated nature of solidarity between First World and Third World feminism. Although solidarity with Latin America was central to many leftwing organizations during the 1970s and 1980s, the experience of radical feminist groups demonstrates how alliances of gender and sexuality altered these relationships of solidarity. Indeed, when socialist Cuba marginalized homosexuals, some radical feminists questioned which political identity to privilege—that of socialist or that of lesbian feminist.
Acosta, Ernie1980 "Thousands seek sponsors: gay refugees tell of torture, oppression in Castro’s Cuba." Advocate, August 21.
2.
Acosta-Belen, Edna and Christine E. Bose2000 "U.S. Latina and Latin American feminisms: hemispheric encounters." Signs25: 1113-1119.
3.
Aguilar, Patricia Howell and Eugenia Piza1982The Double Workday of Poor Women in Costa Rica. New York: Women’s International Resource Exchange Service.
4.
Anderson, Benedict1983Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism . New York: Verso.
5.
Anzaldúa, Gloria E. and Analouise Keating2002This Bridge We Call Home: Radical Visions for Transformation . New York: Routledge.
6.
Anzaldúa, Gloria E. and Cherrie Moraga (eds.) 1981This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. Watertown, MA: Persephone Press.
7.
Arenas, Reinaldo2000Before Night Falls: A Memoir. Trans. Dolores M. Koch. New York: Penguin Books.
8.
Bejel, Emilio2000 " Cuban condemnation of queer bodies," pp. 155-174 in Damian J. Fernandez and Madeline Camara Betancourt (eds.), Cuba, the Elusive Nation: Intepretations of National Identity. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
9.
2001Gay Cuban Nation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10.
Blasius, Mark and Shane Phelan1997We Are Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics. New York and London: Routledge .
11.
Brown, Wendy1993 "Wounded attachments." Political Theory21: 390-410.
12.
Bulbeck, Chila1988One World Women’s Movement. London : Pluto Press.
13.
Cady, Duane and Karen Warren1994 "Feminism and peace: seeing connections." Hypatia9: 4-20.
14.
Casal, Lourdes1980Revolution and Conciencia: Women in Cuba. London: Holmes and Meier.
15.
Caulfield, Sueann2001 "The history of gender in the historiography of Latin America ." Hispanic American Historical Review81: 449-490.
16.
Chang-Muy, Fernando1980 "After the revolution: queer in Cuba." Gay Community News, February 23.
17.
Collins, Patricia Hill1990Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
18.
Come Out!1971 "Cuba" 2 (7b).
19.
Correspondencia1988 " Union women build international ties." Summer/Fall. n.d. "Woman to woman."
20.
Douglas, Carol Anne1990Love and Politics: Radical Feminist and Lesbian Theories . San Francisco: Ism Press.
21.
Echols, Alice1989Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967-1975 . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
22.
Evans, Sara1979Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left. New York : Knopf.
23.
George, Margo1978 "The Atlanta festival movement." Atalanta6 (10).
24.
1979 "Cuba: Twenty years of revolution." Atalanta7 (10)
25.
1980 "Atlanta Women’s Union Party." Atalanta8 (10).
26.
1981 "The ambivalence of our view of Soviet socialism." ALFA Newsletter, February.
27.
Gitlin, Todd1987The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. Toronto: Bantam.
28.
Healey, Dan2001Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: The Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29.
Jenness, Linda (ed.) 1972Feminism and Socialism. New York: Pathfinder press.
30.
Koski, Frank1980 "Cuba’s revolution." Gay Community News, August 23 and 30.
31.
Lekus, Ian2004 "Queer harvests: homosexuality, the U.S. New Left, and the Venceremos Brigades to Cuba." Radical History Review32: 57-91.
32.
Levinson, Sandra and Carol Brightman1971Venceremos Brigade: Young Americans Sharing the Life and Work of Revolutionary Cuba. New York: Simon and Schuster .
33.
Lumsden, Ian1996Machos, maricones, and Gays: Cuba and Homosexuality. Philadelphia : Temple University Press.
34.
Miles, Angela Rose1996Integrative Feminisms: Building Global Visions, 1960s-1990s. New York: Routledge.
35.
Mohanty, Chandra1992a Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Indianapolis : Indiana University Press.
36.
1992 b "Feminist encounters: locating the politics of experience ," pp. 74-93 in Michele Barrett and Anne Phillips (eds.), Destabilizing Theory: Contemporary Feminist Debates. London: Polity Press.
37.
Moraga, Cherrie1983Loving in the War Years: Lo que nunca pasó por sus labios. Cambridge: South End Press.
38.
Morgan, Robin1970Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women’s Liberation Movement. New York: Random House.
39.
Morgan, Robin (ed.) 1996Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women’s Movement Anthology. New York: Feminist Press.
40.
Perez, Louis1999On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality, and Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
41.
Preston, Julia1980 "The Cuban refugees: escape to captivity." Village Voice, December 10-16, 24.
42.
Randall, Margaret1995Our Voices, Our Lives: Stories of Women from Central American and the Caribbean. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
43.
Remmer, Karen L.1988The Chilean Military under Authoritarian Rule: 1973-1987 . Albuquerque: Latin American Institute, University of New Mexico.
44.
Safa, Helen1979Women, Production, and Reproduction in Industrial Capitalism: A Comparison of Brazilian and U.S. Factory Workers. New York: Women’s International Resource Exchange .
45.
Sandoval, Chela2000Methodology of the Oppressed. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
46.
Sargent, Lydia (ed.) 1986The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: A Debate on Class and Patriarchy . London: Pluto Press.
47.
Scott, Joan1991 "The evidence of experience." Critical Inquiry17: 773-797.
48.
Tong, Rosemarie1998Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction. Boulder: Westview Press.
49.
Valenzuela, Samuel and Arturo Valenzuela (eds.) 1986Military Rule in Chile: Dictatorship and Oppositions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
50.
Vogel, Lise1995Woman Questions: Essays for a Materialist Feminism. New York: Routledge.
51.
Weber, Lynn1998 "A conceptual framework for understanding race, class, gender, and sexuality." Psychology of Women Quarterly22: 13-32.
52.
Young, Allen1981Gays Under the Cuban Revolution. San Francisco: Grey Fox Press.
