Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is strongly associated with malnutrition. Between 20 – 50 % of the patients are undernourished, and undernourishment itself is an independent predictor of increased mortality. Inpreventing malnutrition patients have to be informed of their energy requirements. The aim of this review was to describe the energy requirements inpatients with COPD.
Method:
A study of literature was performed. The following databases: Cochrane, PuBMed, Scopus and CINAHL were searched in April 2009. Articles were included, if they were published after 1990, reported total daily energy expenditure or resting energy expenditure and included patients that had normal or low body weight. In total 92 papers were identified, of these only 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
Results:
Most of the studies documented, that patients resting energy expenditure was elevated and that the total daily energy expenditure was increased, although it varied a lot. The study raises the question whether a generic nutrition screening and energy calculation is useful to calculate the COPD patients' energy requirements. Malnutrition may be reversible, and the study findings thus emphasize the importance of focusing on prevention of weight loss in normal weight COPD patients and long-term and intensive intervention in patients who are undernourished.
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