Direct current of the transmission line is the key parameter for the control and protection of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. In this paper, a novel optically powered direct current sensor for HVDC measurement is presented. The direct current is first detected via a precise direct shunt, and then converted to an optical pulse signal by an analogue voltage processing unit, which is designed using low power consumption technology. Subsequently, the optical pulse signal is transmitted to the control room via an optical fibre system and recovered by a ground-located optical pulse processing unit. Moreover, part count method and part stress analysis method are used to predict the failure rate of the power supply and conversion circuit. Tests in the China National High Voltage Metering Station and the laboratory show that the proposed sensor achieved an accuracy within to ±0.5% from 300 to 3000 A, and the power consumption of analogue voltage processing unit is less than 46 mW on the condition of maximum 8k sampling frequency.
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