Air duct pressure loss, especially the duct elbow, is a significant component of building air-conditioning energy consumption. Improving the airflow uniformity in the duct elbow for large prefabricated air ducts can help reduce the local resistance loss. In this paper, the influence of guide vanes on the pressure loss of elbows in the duct was investigated through experimentally validated simulation results. According to similarity theory, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results were employed to perform a parametric study to optimize the duct elbow guide vane. Different numbers, positions, and shapes of air guide vanes in the elbow were used to reduce the pressure loss and also played a crucial role in improving the uniformity of airflow in the elbow. Through CFD simulation, the optimized specifications of guide vanes in the elbow on the airflow and local pressure loss coefficients were explored. This study will provide a reference for numerical prediction and engineering application of using guide vane to minimize the local pressure loss of large prefabricated air ducts.
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