RETRACTED: Applying Theorem of Ross to Transition Probability Matrix in Energy Options Pricing after Political Tensions and Russia-Ukraine Conflict

The following articles have been retracted at the request of the journal Editors and the Publisher:

Mikhaylov A, Chang T, Mukhanova A, Bukharbayeva A and Karpyn Z (2024) Applying theorem of ross to transition probability matrix in energy options pricing after political tensions and Russia–Ukraine conflict. Energy Exploration & Exploitation 42(5): 1715–1726. DOI: 10.1177/01445987241237152.

Duan F, Ali AB, Jasim DJ, Mikhaylov A, Karpyn Z, Sharma V (2025) Parameters estimation of PV models using a novel hybrid equilibrium optimization algorithm. Energy Exploration & Exploitation 43(3): 990-1020. DOI: 10.1177/01445987241311310.

After an internal investigation Sage has become aware that these articles contained indicators of third-party involvement.

Due to concerns around author contributions to these articles, as well as concerns around the integrity of the research process, Sage and the journal editors retract these articles. 

The authors did not respond when contacted.