Hypocarotenemia in Patients Fed Enterally with Commercial Liquid Diets

We have found that 12 patients requiring permanent enteral feeding secondary to cerebrovascular accident with adequate Vitamin A nutritional status had serum concentrations of various carotenoids which were only 8-17% of sex-and age-matched healthy controls. Their serum retinol levels were normal, but only 61% of their controls despite receiving two to three times the recommended daily allowance (RDA) in retinol equivalents. Commercial enteral formulas were found to contain only negligible quantities of the carotenoids and were the cause of the hypocarotenemia. To assess the ability of these patients to absorb beta-carotene, nine tube-fed patients were given 15 mg of beta-carotene (2.5 times the RDA) in a single dose. Serum concentration time curves showed that only four patients absorbed significant quantities of the beta-carotene and absorption was delayed compared to previously studied subjects taking enteral formulas as meals. These studies suggest that the efficiency of absorption of the fat soluble vitamins may be lower in tube-fed patients and that patients receiving long-term tube feeding are denied the possible protective effects of the carotenoids normally contained in the American diet. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 12:484-489, 1988)