Spectral and Scatterer-Size Correlation during Angular Compounding: Simulations and Experimental Studies

In a previous study, theoretical expressions were derived for the correlation between ultrasonic scatterer-size estimates and their associated spectral measures when echo data are acquired from the same location but at different angles. The results were verified using simulations. In the present work, we further analyze simulation data for these conditions; in addition, we measure the correlations using a cylindrical tissue-mimicking phantom. Experimental and theoretical results show that the relationship of scatterer-size correlation to insonification angle depends on gate duration, gate type and beam profile. Some discrepancies are noted between experimental results and theoretical predictions, particularly when using smaller gated windows. The sources of the discrepancies are discussed. Experimental results using a 6-MHz linear array suggest that, to save acquisition and processing time while reducing variance, a 2°–3° angular increment step provides efficient angular compounding for scatterer-size imaging with this array. Theoretical predictions can provide estimates of expected correlations between angular acquisitions when compounding with other transducers.