Trends in elderly victimization are analyzed for the years 1973-1984. Criminal victimization rates are declining for all types of crime, including those committed against the elderly. The elderly experienced greater declines over time than the general population. Crimes involving a combination of personal contact and economic motivation declined faster than other crimes committed against the elderly. It is possible that the observed declines may be attributable more to changes in the demographic structure of the American population than to public policy.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alston, L. T.1986. Crime and Older Americans. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
2.
Antunes, G. E.
, F. L. Cook, T. D. Cook, and W. G. Skogan. 1977. "Patterns of Personal Crime Against the Elderly: Findings from a National Survey."Gerontologist17:321-327.
3.
Balkin, S.1979. "Victimization Rates, Safety, and Fear of Crime."Social Problems26:343-358.
4.
Bohrnstedt, G. W.
and D. Knoke. 1982. Statistics for Social Data Analysis. Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.
5.
Braungart, M. M.
, R. G. Braungart, and W. J. Hoyer. 1980. "Age, Sex, and Social Factors in Fear of Crime."Sociological Focus13:55-66.
6.
Brown, E. J.
, T. J. Flanagan, and M. McLeod, eds. 1984. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1983. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
7.
Butler, R.1975. Why Survive? Being Old in America. New York: Harper & Row.
8.
Chilton, R.
and A. Spielberger. 1971. "Is Delinquency Increasing? Age Structure and the Crime Rate."Social Forces49:487-493.
9.
Clemente, F.
and M. B. Kleiman. 1976. "Fear of Crime Among the Aged."Gerontologist16:207-210.
10.
Cook, F. L.
and T. D. Cook. 1976. "Evaluating the Rhetoric of Crisis: A Case Study of Criminal Victimization of the Elderly."Social Service Review50:632-646.
11.
Conklin, J. E.1976. "Robbery, the Elderly, and Fear: An Urban Problem in Search of a Solution." In Crime and the Elderly, edited by J. Goldsmith and S. S. Goldsmith. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
12.
Cutler, S. J.1980. "Safety on the Streets: Cohort Changes in Fear."International Journal of Aging and Human Development10:373-384.
13.
Dowd, J.
, R. P. Sisson, and D. M. Kern. 1981. "Socialization to Violence Among the Aged."Journal of Gerontology36:350-361.
14.
Ennis, P. H.1967. Criminal Victimization in the U.S.: A Report of a National Survey. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.
15.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
. 1974-1985. Crime in the United States. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
16.
Flanagan, T. J.
, M. J. Hindelang, and M. Gottfredson. 1980. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1979. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
17.
Fleming, A.1985. "Fleming Urges Action in Crime Against the Elderly."Aging250:5.
18.
Goldsmith, J.1976. "Why Are the Aged So Vulnerable to Crime: And What Is Being Done for Their Protection?"Geriatrics31:40-42.
19.
Goldsmith, J.
and N. Tomas. 1974. "Crimes Against the Elderly: A Continuing National Crisis."Aging236:10-13.
20.
Gottfredson, M. R.
, M. J. Hindelang, and N. Parisi. 1978. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1977. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
21.
Gubrium, J. F.1974. "Victimization in Old Age: Available Evidence and Three Hypotheses."Crime and Delinquency20:245-250.
22.
Louis Harris
and Associates. 1975. The Myth and Reality of Aging in America. Washington, DC: National Council on Aging.
23.
Hindelang, M. J.
, C. S. Dunn, A. L. Aumick, and L. P. Sutton. 1975. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1974. Washington, DC: National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service.
24.
Hindelang, M. J.
, C. S. Dunn, L. P. Sutton, and A. L. Aumick. 1976. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1980. Washington, DC: National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service.
25.
Hindelang, M. J.
, M. R. Gottfredson, and T. J. Flanagan. 1981. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1975. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
26.
Hindelang, M. J.
, M. R. Gottfredson, and J. Garofalo. 1978. Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
27.
Janson, P.
and L. K. Ryder. 1983. "Crime and the Elderly: The Relationship Between Risk and Fear."Gerontologist23:207-212.
28.
Jaycox, V. H.1978. "The Elderly's Fear of Crime: Rational or Irrational."Victimology3:329-334.
29.
Kelejian, H. H.
and W. E. Oates. 1974. Introduction to Econometrics: Principles and Applications. New York: Harper & Row.
30.
Kennedy, L. W.
and R. A. Silverman. 1984-1985. "Significant Others and Fear of Crime Among the Elderly."International Journal ofAging and Human Development20:241-255.
31.
Lebowitz, B. D.1975. "Age and Fearfulness: Personal and Situational Factors."Journal of Gerontology30:696-700.
32.
Liang, J.
and M. C. Sengstock. 1983. "Personal Crimes Against the Elderly." In Abuse and Mistreatment of the Elderly: Causes and Interventions, edited by J. Kosberg. Littlejohn, MA: John Wright-PSG.
33.
Lindquist, J. H.
and J. M. Duke. 1982. "The Elderly Victim at Risk."Criminology20:115-126.
34.
Malinchak, A. A.
and D. Wright. 1978. "The Scope of Elderly Victimization."Aging281-282:11-16.
35.
Menard, S.
and H. C. Covey. 1986. "Fear of Crime, Victimization, and Precautions Taken by Rural Elderly in New Mexico."Victimology11.
36.
Norton, L.
and M. Courlander. 1982. "Fear of Crime Among the Elderly: The Role of Crime Prevention Programs."Gerontologist22:388-393.
37.
Ollenberger, J. C.1981. "Criminal Victimization and Fear of Crime."Research on Aging3:101-118.
38.
Ostrom, C. W., Jr.1978. Time Series Analysis: Regression Techniques. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
39.
Paez, A.
and F. Shenk. 1983. Criminal Victimization in the United States: 1973-1982 Trends (Special Report). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
40.
Parisi, N.
, M. R. Gottfredson, M. J. Hindelang, and T. J. Flanagan. 1979. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics: 1978. Washington, DC: National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service.
41.
Ragan, P. K.1977. "Crime Against the Elderly: Findings from Interviews with Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Whites." In Justice and Older Americans, edited by M. A. Rifai. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
42.
Soldo, B. J.1980. "America's Elderly in the 1980s."Population Bulletin35:1-47.
43.
Steffensmeier, D. J.
and M. D. Harer. 1987. "Is the Crime Rate Really Falling? An `Aging' U.S. Population and Its Impact on the Nation's Crime Rate."Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency24:23-48.
44.
Sundeen, R. A.1977. "The Fear of Crime and the Urban Elderly." In Justice and Older Americans, edited by M. A. Rifai. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
45.
Sundeen, R. A.
and J. J. Mathieu. 1976. "The Fear of Crime and Its Consequences Among the Elderly in Three Urban Communities."Gerontologist16:211-219.
46.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
. 1974. "Population Estimates and Projections: Estimates of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex, and Race: April 1, 1960 to July 1, 1973." In Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 519. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
47.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
.1975. "Population Estimates and Projections: Projections of the Population of the United States, 1975 to 2050." In Current Population Reports, Series F-25, No. 519. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
48.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
.1982. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1982-83 (103rd ed.). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
49.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
.1985. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1986 (106 ed.). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
50.
U.S. Department of Justice
. 1981a. "Crime and the Elderly."Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin
51.
U.S. Department of Justice
.1981b. Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1979. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
52.
U.S. Department of Justice
.1982. Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1980. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
53.
U.S. Department of Justice
.1984. Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1982. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
54.
U.S. Department of Justice
.1985. Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1983. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
55.
U.S. Department of Justice
.1986. Criminal Victimization in the United States, 1984. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
56.
Yin, P.1980. "Fear of Crime Among the Elderly: Some Issues and Suggestions. "Social Problems27:492-504.
57.
Yin, P.1985. Victimization and the Aged. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.