This study investigated how two groups of Guatemalan Mayan mothers varying in
schooling experience organized children’s participation in a
problem-solving discussion. Twenty-eight foursomes of mothers and three children
(ages 6-12 years) were videotaped discussing how to solve the shortage of drinking
water in their town. Mayan mothers with no or very little schooling (0-2 grades)
more often facilitated children’s verbal contributions through open
invitations without assigning particular children to respond, whereas Mayan mothers
with greater schooling experience (12 or more grades) more often structured
children’s contributions through individual turn taking and test
questions. These observed differences in mothers’ structuring of
children’s participation may be associated with how western schooling and
other practices associated with modernization are affecting the cultural practices
of a Mayan community that is becoming increasingly more modernized.
Akinnaso, F. N.
(1992).
Schooling, language, and knowledge in literate and nonliterate societies
. Comparative Studies in Society & History,
34,
68-109
.
2.
Barnhardt, C.
(1981). Tuning-in: Athabaskan teachers and Athabaskan
students. In
G. Spindler
(Ed.), Doing the ethnography of schooling: Educational anthropology in
action (pp. 132-174).
New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
.
3.
Beals, D. E.
, &
Tabors, P. O.
(1995).
Arboretum, bureaucratic, and carbohydrates: Preschoolers’
exposure to rare vocabulary at home
. First Language, 15,
57-76
.
4.
Boggs, S. T.
(1985). Speaking, relating, and learning: A study of Hawaiian
children at home and at school.
Norwood, NJ: Ablex
.
5.
Briggs, J. L.
(1970). Never in anger: Portrait of an Eskimo family.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
.
6.
Cazden, C. B.
(1988). Classroom discourse: The language of teaching and
learning.
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
.
7.
Cazden, C. B.
, &
John, V. P.
(1971). Learning in American Indian children. In
M. L. Wax
,
S. Diamond
, &
F. O. Gearing
(Eds.), Anthropological perspectives on education (pp.
252-272).
New York: Basic Books
.
8.
Chavajay, P.
(1995).
Ethnographic account of formal schooling in a Guatemalan Mayan
Tz’utujil community
. Paper presented at a research group in Developmental Psychology,
University of California, Santa Cruz.
9.
Chavajay, P.
, &
Angelillo, C.
(2002, February).
Maternal perspectives on cultural-historical changes in work in a
Guatemalan Mayan community
. Paper presented at the Meetings of the Society for
Cross-cultural Research, Santa Fe, NM.
10.
Chavajay, P.
, &
Rogoff, B.
(1999).
Cultural variation in management of attention by children and their caregivers
. Developmental Psychology, 35,
1-12
.
11.
Chavajay, P.
, &
Rogoff, B.
(2002).
Schooling and traditional collaborative social organization of problem
solving by Mayan mothers and children
. Developmental of Psychology, 38,
55-66
.
12.
Childs, C. P.
, &
Greenfield, P. M.
(1980). Informal modes of learning and teaching: The case
of Zinacanteco weaving. In
N. Warren
(Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2) (pp.
269-316).
London: Academic Press
.
13.
Chudacoff, H. P.
(1989). How old are you? Age consciousness in American
culture.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
.
14.
Clancy, P. M.
(1986). The acquisition of communicative style in
Japanese. In
B. B. Schieffelin
&
E. Ochs
(Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp.
213-250).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
15.
Crago, M.B. (1988). Cultural context in the communicative interaction of
young Inuit children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University.
16.
Crago, M. B.
,
Annahatak, B.
, &
Ningiuruvik, L.
(1993).
Changing patterns of language socialization in Inuit homes
. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 24,
205-223
.
17.
de Haan, M.
(1999). Learning as cultural practice: How children learn in
a Mexican Mazahua community.
Amsterdam: Thela-Thesis
.
18.
Dewey, J.
(1900). The school and society and the child and the
curriculum.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press
.
19.
Deyhle, D.
(1991).
Empowerment and cultural conflict: Navajo parents and the schooling of
their children
. Qualitative Studies in Education, 4,
277-297
.
20.
Deyhle, D.
, &
Margonis, F.
(1995).
Navajo mothers and daughters: Schools, jobs, and the family
. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 26,
135-167
.
21.
Erickson, F.
(1996). Going for the zone: The social and cognitive
ecology of teacher-student interaction in classroom conversations. In
D. Hicks
(Ed.), Discourse, learning, and schooling (pp.
29-62).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
22.
Erickson, F.
, &
Mohatt, G.
(1982). Cultural organization of participation structures
in two classrooms of Indian students. In
G. Spindler
(Ed.), Doing the ethnography of schooling: Educational ethnography in
action (pp. 132-174).
New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston
.
23.
Eriks-Brophy, A.
, &
Crago, M.
(2003).
Variation in instructional discourse features: Cultural or linguistic?
Evidence from Inuit and non-Inuit teachers of Nunavik
. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34,
396-419
.
24.
Gaskins, S.
(1999). Children’s daily lives in a Mayan
village: A case study of culturally constructed roles and activities.
In
A. Göncü
(Ed.), Children’s engagement in the world (pp.
25-61).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
25.
Gaskins, S.
(2003).
From corn to cash: Change and continuity within Mayan families
. Ethos, 31,
248-273
.
26.
Gegeo, D. W.
, &
Watson-Gegeo, K. A.
(2002). The critical villager: Transforming language and
education in Solomon Islands. In
J. W. Tollefson
(Ed.), Language policies in education: Critical issues (pp.
309-325).
Mahawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
.
27.
Goody, E. N.
(1978). Towards a theory of questions. In
E. N. Goody
(Ed.), Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction
(pp. 17-43).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
28.
Greenfield, P. M.
(1984). A theory of the teacher in the learning activities
of everyday life. In
B. Rogoff
&
J. Lave
(Eds.), Everyday cognition: Its development in social context (pp.
117-138).
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
.
29.
Greenfield, P. M.
, &
Lave, J.
(1982). Cognitive aspects of informal education.
In
D. Wagner
&
H. Stevenson
(Eds.), Cultural perspectives on child development (pp.
181-207).
San Francisco, CA: Freeman
.
30.
Greenfield, P. M.
,
Maynard, A. E.
, &
Childs, C. P.
(1999). Historical change, cultural apprenticeship, and
cognitive representation in Zinacantec Maya children. Unpublished
manuscript.
University of California, Los Angeles
.
31.
Greenfield, P. M.
,
Maynard, A. E.
, &
Childs, C. P.
(2000).
History, culture, learning, and development
. Cross-cultural Research: The Journal of Comparative Social
Science, 34,
351-374
.
32.
Haight, W.
, &
Miller, P.
(1993). Pretending at home: Early development in
sociocultural context.
New York: SUNY Press
.
33.
Heath, S. B.
(1982). Questions at home and at school: A comparative
study. In
G. Spindler
(Ed.), Doing the ethnography of schooling: Educational anthropology in
action (pp. 102-131).
New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
.
34.
Heath, S. B.
(1983). Ways with words: Language, life, and work in
communities and classrooms.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
35.
Heath, S. B.
(1986). What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at
home and school. In
B. B. Schieffelin
&
E. Ochs
(Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp.
97-124).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
36.
Heath, S. B.
(1989). The learner as cultural member. In
M. L. Rice
&
R. L. Schiefelbusch
(Eds.), The teachability of language (pp.
333-350).
Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes
.
37.
Kaulback, B.
(1984).
Styles of learning among Native children: A review of the research
. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 11,
27-37
.
38.
Lamphere, L.
(1977). To run after them: Cultural and social bases of
cooperation in a Navajo community.
Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press
.
39.
Laosa, L. M.
(1980).
Maternal teaching strategies in Chicano and Anglo-American families: The
influence of culture and education on maternal behavior
. Child Development, 51,
759-765
.
40.
Laosa, L. M.
(1982).
School, occupation, culture, and the family: The impact of parental
schooling on the parent-child relationship
. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74,
791-827
.
41.
LaTorra, R.
, &
Renne, C. G.
(2001, April).
Waiting to ask: Changing discourse patterns in a community college ESL classroom
. Paper presented at the Meetings of the American Educational
Research Association, Seattle, Washington.
42.
Lave, J.
(1988). Cognition in practice: Mind, mathematics, and culture
in everyday life.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
43.
Lave, J.
, &
Wenger, E.
(1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral
participation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
44.
LeVine, R. A.
,
LeVine, S. E.
,
Richman, A.
,
Tapia Uribe, F. M.
,
Correa, C. S.
, &
Miller, P. M.
(1991).
Women’s schooling and childcare in demographic transition: A
Mexican study
. Population and Development Review, 17,
459-496
.
45.
LeVine, R. A.
,
LeVine, S. E.
, &
Schnell, B.
(2001).
“Improve the women”: Mass schooling, female literacy,
and worldwide social change
. Harvard Educational Review, 71,
1-50
.
46.
LeVine, R. A.
, &
White, M.
(1997). Parenthood in social transformation. In
G. Lancaster
,
J. Altmann
,
A. Rossi
, &
L. Sherrod
(Eds.), Parenting across the lifespan (pp.
271-293).
New York: Aldine de Gruyter
.
47.
Lipka, J.
(1990).
Integrating cultural form and content in one Yup’ik Eskimo
classroom: A case study
. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 17,
18-32
.
48.
Lipka, J.
(1991).
Toward a culturally based pedagogy: A case study of one Yup’ik
Eskimo teacher
. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 22,
203-223
.
Martini, M.
(1996).
Family cohesion in three cultural groups
. Family Perspective, 30,
293-321
.
51.
Maynard, A. E.
(2002).
Cultural teaching: The development of teaching skills in Maya sibling interactions
. Child Development, 73,
969-982
.
52.
McCollum, P.
(1989).
Turn-allocation in lessons with North American and Puerto Rican students: A
comparative study
. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 20,
133-156
.
53.
Medicine, B.
(1985).
Child socialization among Native Americans: The Lakota (Sioux) in cultural context
. Wicazo Sa Review, 1,
23-28
.
54.
Mehan, H.
(1979). Learning lessons: Social organization in the
classroom.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
.
55.
Moll, L. C.
,
Tapia, J.
, &
Whitmore, K. F.
(1993). Living knowledge: The social distribution of
cultural resources of thinking. In
G. Salomon
(Ed.), Distributed cognition (pp. 139-163).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
56.
Morelli, G.
,
Rogoff, B.
, &
Angelillo, C.
(2003).
Cultural variation in young children’s access to work or
involvement in specialized child-focused activities
. International Journal of Behavioral Development,
27,
264-274
.
57.
Mosier, C. E.
, &
Rogoff, B.
(2003).
Privileged treatment of toddlers: Cultural aspects of individual choice and responsibility
. Developmental Psychology, 39,
1047-1060
.
58.
Ochs, E.
(1988). Culture and language development: Language
acquisition and language socialization in a Samoan village.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
59.
Panel on Youth of the President’s Science Advisory Committee
. (1973). Youth: Transition to adulthood.
Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government
.
60.
Paradise, R. (1987). Learning through social interaction: The experience
and development of Mazahua self in the context of the market. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
61.
Paradise, R.
(1996).
Passivity or tacit collaboration: Mazahua interaction in cultural context
. Learning and Instruction, 6,
379-389
.
62.
Pelletier, W.
(1970). Childhood in an Indian village. In
S. Repo
(Ed.), This book is about schools (pp.
18-31).
New York: Pantheon Books
.
63.
Philips, S.
(1983). The invisible culture: Communication in classroom and
community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.
New York: Longman
.
64.
Richman, A. L.
,
Miller, P. M.
, &
LeVine, R. A.
(1992).
Cultural and educational variations in maternal responsiveness
. Developmental Psychology, 28,
614-621
.
65.
Rogoff, B.
(1990). Apprenticeship in thinking.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
.
66.
Rogoff, B.
(2003). The cultural nature of human development.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
.
67.
Rogoff, B.
, &
Angelillo, C.
(2002).
Investigating the coordinated functioning of multifaceted cultural
practices in human development
. Human Development, 45,
211-225
.
68.
Rogoff, B.
,
Correa-Chávez, M.
, &
Navichoc Cotuc, M.
(2005). A cultural-historical view of schooling in human
development. In
D. Pillemer
&
S. H. White
(Eds.), Developmental psychology and social change (pp.
225-263).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
69.
Rogoff, B.
,
Matusov, E.
, &
White, C.
(1996). Models of teaching and learning: Participation in
a community of learners. In
D. R. Olson
&
N. Torrance
(Eds.), The handbook of education and human development: New models of
learning, teaching, and schooling (pp. 388-414).
Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers
.
70.
Rogoff, B.
,
Mistry, J.
,
Göncü, A.
, &
Mosier, C.
(1993).
Guided participation in cultural activities by toddlers and caregivers
. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,
58 (7, Serial. No. 236).
71.
Rogoff, B.
,
Paradise, R.
,
Mejía Arauz, R.
,
Correa-Chávez, M.
, &
Angelillo, C.
(2003).
Firsthand learning through intent participation
. Annual Review of Psychology, 54,
175-203
.
72.
Rogoff, B.
, &
Toma, C.
(1997).
Shared thinking: Community and institutional variations
. Discourse Processes, 23,
471-497
.
73.
Rothstein-Fisch, C.
,
Greenfield, P. M.
, &
Trumbull, E.
(1999).
Bridging cultures with classroom strategies
. Educational Leadership, 56,
64-67
.
74.
Schieffelin, B. B.
(1990). The give and take of everyday life: Language
socialization of Kaluli children.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
75.
Schieffelin, B. B.
, &
Ochs, E.
(1986a). Language socialization across cultures.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
76.
Schieffelin, B. B.
, &
Ochs, E.
(1986b).
Language socialization
. Annual Review of Anthropology, 15,
163-191
.
77.
Scribner, S.
, &
Cole, M.
(1973).
Cognitive consequences of formal and informal education
. Science, 182,
553-559
.
78.
Sindell, P. S.
(1997). Some discontinuities in the enculturation of
Mistassini Cree children. In
G. D. Spindler
(Ed.), Education and cultural process: Anthropological approaches
(pp. 383-392).
Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press
.
79.
Tapia Uribe, F. M.
,
LeVine, R. A.
, &
LeVine, S. E.
(1994). Maternal behavior in a Mexican community: The
changing environments of children. In
P. Greenfield
&
R. Cocking
(Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development (pp.
41-54).
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
.
80.
Tharp, R. G.
(1994). Intergroup differences among Native American in
socialization and child cognition: An ethnogenetic analysis. In
P. M. Greenfield
&
R. R. Cocking
(Eds.), Cross-cultural roots of minority child development (pp.
87-105).
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
.
81.
Tharp, R. G.
, &
Gallimore, R.
(1988). Rousing minds to life: Teaching, learning, and
schooling in social context.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
82.
von der Lippe, A. L.
(1999).
The impact of maternal schooling and occupation on child-rearing attitudes
and behaviors in low income neighborhoods in Cairo, Egypt
. International Journal of Behavioral Development,
23,
703-729
.
83.
Watson-Gegeo, K. A.
(2004).
Mind, language, and epistemology: Toward a language socialization paradigm
for SLA
. The Modern Language Journal, 88,
331-350
.
84.
Watson-Gegeo, K. A.
, &
Gegeo, D. W.
(1986). Calling-out and repeating routines in
Kwara’ae children’s language socialization. In
B. B. Schieffelin
&
E. Ochs
(Eds.), Language socialization across cultures (pp.
17-50).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
85.
Watson-Gegeo, K. A.
, &
Gegeo, D. W.
(1989). The role of sibling interaction in child
socialization. In
P. G. Zukow
(Ed.), Sibling interaction across cultures: Theoretical and
methodological issues (pp. 54-76).
New York: Springer-Verlag
.
86.
Zukow, P. G.
(1984).
Folk theories of comprehension and caregiver practices in a rural-born
population in Central Mexico
. Quarterly Newsletter of the Laboratory of Comparative Human
Cognition, 6,
62-67
.
87.
Zukow, P. G.
(1989). Siblings as effective socializing agents: Evidence
from Central Mexico. In
P. G. Zukow
(Ed.), Sibling interaction across cultures: Theoretical and
methodological issues (pp. 79-105).
New York: Springer-Verlag
.
88.
Zukow, P. G.
(2002). Sibling caregiving. In
M. H. Bornstein
(Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Being and becoming a parent (Vol. 3,
2nd ed.) (pp. 253-286).
Mahawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
.
