Most information on the prevalence of drug use comes from self-report surveys. The sensitivity of such information is cause for concern about the accuracy of self-report measures. In this study, self-reported drug use in the last 48 hr is compared to results from biological assays of saliva samples from 371 young adults entering clubs. The relationship between self-reports and drug presence in oral fluid was determined for three substances as follows: cocaine, marijuana, and amphetamine. Forty-one percent of the participants with drugs detected in their oral fluids reported no use in the last 48 hr. The significance of these results is discussed.
Arria, A., G. Yacoubian, E. Fost, and E. Wish.2002. Ecstasy use among club rave attendees . Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine156:295-96.
2.
Furr-Holden, C.D.M., R.B. Voas, T. Kelley-Baker, and B. Miller.2006. Drug and alcohol-impaired driving among electronic music dance event attendees. Drug and Alcohol Dependence85:83-6.
3.
Laloup, M., G. Tilman, V. Maes, G. Boeck, P. Wallemacq, J. Ramaekers, and N. Samyn.2005. Validation of an ELISA-based screening assay for the detection of amphetamine, MDMA and MDA in blood and oral fluid . Forensic Science International153:29-37.
4.
Landis, J.R., and G. Koch1977. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics33:159-74.
5.
Lange, J.E., M.B. Johnson, and M.B. Reed.2006. Drivers within natural drinking groups: An exploration of role selection, motivation, and group influence on driver sobriety. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse32:261-74.
6.
Lange, J.E., M.B. Reed, M.B. Johnson, and R.B. Voas.2006. The efficacy of experimental interventions designed to reduce drinking among designated drivers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol67:261-8.
7.
Leinwand, D.2002. Cities crack down on raves: Rising popularity prompts backlash over drug use. USA Today, November 13, A.01.
8.
Miller, B.A., C.D.M. Furr-Holden, R.B. Voas, and K. Bright.2005. Emerging adults' substance use and risky behaviors in club settings. Journal of Drug Issues35:357-78.
9.
Quintela, O., A. Cruz, A. Castro, M. Concheiro, and M. López-Rivadulla .2005. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for the determination of nine selected benzodiazepines in human plasma and oral fluid. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences825:63-71.
10.
Samyn, N., and C. van Haeren.2000. On-site testing of saliva and sweat with Drugwipe, and determination of concentrations of drugs of abuse in saliva, plasma and urine of suspected users. International Journal of Legal Medicine113:150-4.
11.
Samyn, N., A. Verstraete, C. van Haeren, and P. Kintz.1999. Analysis of drugs of abuse in saliva . Forensic Science Review11:2-19.
12.
Schepers, R.J., J.M. Oyler, R.E. Joseph Jr, E.J. Cone, E.T. Moolchan, and M.A. Huestis.2003. Methamphetamine and amphetamine pharmacokinetics in oral fluid and plasma after controlled oral methamphetamine administration to human volunteers. Clinical Chemistry49:121-132.
13.
Toennes, S.W., G.F. Kauert, S. Steinmeyer, and M.R. Moeller.2005. Driving under the influence of drugs-Evaluation of analytical data of drugs in oral fluid, serum and urine, and correlation with impairment symptoms. Forensic Science International152:149-155.
14.
Verstraete, A.G.2004. Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring26:200-205.
15.
Voas, R.B., C.D.M. Furr-Holden, E. Lauer, C. Bright, M.B. Johnson, and B. Miller.2006. Portal surveys of timeout drinking locations: A tool for studying binge drinking and AOD use. Evaluation Review30:44-65.
16.
Wylie, F.M., H. Torrance, R.A. Anderson, and J.S. Oliver.2005. Drugs in oral fluid Part I. Validation of an analytical procedure for licit and illicit drugs in oral fluid. Forensic Science International150:191-198.
