Registered nurse (RN) job satisfaction is a major predictor of intent to stay and job turnover, serious concerns to health care leaders. Predictors of job satisfaction include autonomy, control over daily practice, nurse—physician collaboration, transformational leadership, group cohesion, job stress, structural empowerment, and psychological empowerment. In the model of psychological empowerment, stress resiliency is the product of persons’ interpretive styles and influences psychological empowerment. This study has evaluated the influence of stress resiliency on job stress, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay using causal modeling. Participants are 464 RNs employed in five acute care hospitals in West Virginia. The final model has provided a very good fit to the data. Stress resiliency is a predictor of psychological empowerment, situational stress, and job satisfaction. This study provides the first evidence of the influence of stress resiliency on job stress, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay in a sample of RNs.
Abdellah, F.G., & Levine, E. ( 1957). Developing a measure of patient and personnel satisfaction with nursing care. Nursing Research, 5(3), 100-108.
2.
AbuAlRub, R.F. ( 2004). Job stress, job performance, and social support among hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 36(1), 73-78.
3.
Aiken, L.H., Clarke, S.P., Sloane, D.M., Sochalski, J., Busse, R., Clarke, H., et al. (2001). Nurses’ reports on hospital care in five countries. Health Affairs, 20(3), 43-53.
4.
American Nurses Credentialing Center. (2009 ). History of the Magnet program. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from http://www.nursecredentialing.org/Magnet/ProgramOverview/HistoryoftheMagnetProgram.aspx
5.
Andrews, D.R., & Wan, T.T.H. (2008). The importance of mental health to the experience of job strain: An evidence-guided approach to improve retention. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 340-351.
Bentler, P.M., & Bonett, D.G. ( 1980). Significance tests and goodness-of-fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
8.
Bourbonnais, R., & Mondor, M. ( 2001). Job strain and sickness absence among nurses in the province of Quebec. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 39(2), 194-202.
9.
Boyle, D.K., Bott, M.J., Hansen, H.E., Woods, C.Q., & Taunton, R.L. ( 1999). Managers’ leadership and critical care nurses’ intent to stay. American Journal of Critical Care, 8(6), 361-371.
10.
Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. ( 1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 294-316). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
11.
Bureau of Health Professions. (2006). The registered nurse population: Findings from the March 2004 national sample survey of registered nurses. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration .
12.
Coomber, B., & Barriball, K.L. (2007). Impact of job satisfaction components on intent to leave and turnover for hospital-based nurses: A review of the research literature. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(2), 297-314.
13.
Greco, P., Laschinger, H.K., & Wong, C. ( 2006). Leader empowering behaviours, staff nurse empowerment and work engagement/burnout. Nursing Leadership, 19(4), 41-56.
14.
Hayes, L.J., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., et al. (2006). Nurse turnover: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 237-263.
15.
Healy, C., & McKay, M. ( 1999). Identifying sources of stress and job satisfaction in the nursing environment. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing , 17(2), 30-35.
16.
Hinshaw, A.S., & Atwood, J.R. ( 1985). Anticipated turnover among nursing staff study: Final report (No. R01NU00908). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Center for Nursing Research.
17.
Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
18.
Institute of Medicine. (2004). Keeping patients safe transforming the work environment of nurses. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
19.
Jones, C.B. ( 2005). The costs of nurse turnover: Part 2. Application of the nursing turnover cost calculation methodology. Journal of Nursing Administration, 35(1), 41-49.
20.
Jones, C.B. ( 2008). Revisiting nurse turnover costs: Adjusting for inflation . Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(1), 11-18.
21.
Judkins, S., Reid, B., & Furlow, L. ( 2006). Hardiness training among nurse managers: Building a healthy workplace. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 37(5), 202-207; quiz 208-209, 238.
22.
Kawano, Y. ( 2008). Association of job-related stress factors with psychological and somatic symptoms among Japanese hospital nurses: Effect of departmental environment in acute care hospitals. Journal of Occupational Health, 50(1), 79-85.
23.
Kovner, C., Brewer, C., Wu, Y., Cheng, Y., & Suzuki, M. ( 2006). Factors associated with work satisfaction of registered nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38(1), 71-79.
24.
Lake, E.T. ( 2002). Development of the practice environment scale of the Nursing Work Index. Research in Nursing & Health, 25(3), 176-188.
25.
Lake, E.T. ( 2007). The nursing practice environment: Measurement and evidence . Medical Care Research and Review, 64(2), 104S-122S.
26.
LaMontagne, A.D., Keegel, T., & Vallance, D. ( 2007). Protecting and promoting mental health in the workplace: Developing a systems approach to job stress. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 18(3), 221-228.
27.
Larrabee, J.H., Janney, M., Ostrow, C.L., Withrow, M.L., Hobbs, G.R., Jr., & Burant, C. ( 2003). Predictors of registered nurse job satisfaction and intent to leave. Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(5), 271-283.
28.
Laschinger, H.K. ( 2007). Building healthy workplaces: Time to act on the evidence . Healthcare Papers, 7, 42-45.
29.
Laschinger, H.K. ( 2008). Effect of empowerment on professional practice environments, work satisfaction, and patient care quality: Further testing the Nursing Worklife Model. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 23(4), 322-330.
30.
Laschinger, H.K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., & Wilk, P. ( 2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings: Expanding Kanter’s model. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(5), 260-272.
31.
Laschinger, H.K., Wong, C., McMahon, L., & Kaufmann, C. ( 1999). Leader behavior impact on staff nurse empowerment, job tension, and work effectiveness. Journal of Nursing Administration , 29(5), 28-39.
32.
Leiter, M.P., & Laschinger, H.K. (2006). Relationships of work and practice environment to professional burnout: Testing a causal model. Nursing Research, 55(2), 137-146.
33.
Letvak, S., & Buck, R. ( 2008). Factors influencing work productivity and intent to stay in nursing. Nursing Economics, 26(3), 159-165.
34.
Li, J., & Lambert, V.A. ( 2008). Workplace stressors, coping, demographics and job satisfaction in Chinese intensive care nurses. Nursing in Critical Care , 13(1), 12-24.
35.
Lu, H., While, A.E., & Barriball, K.L. (2007). A model of job satisfaction of nurses: A reflection of nurses’ working lives in mainland China. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58(5), 468-479.
36.
Maddi, S.R., Kahn, S., & Maddi, K.L. ( 1998). The effectiveness of hardiness training. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 50(2), 78-86.
37.
Manojlovich, M., & Laschinger, H. (2007). The Nursing Worklife Model: Extending and refining a new theory. Journal of Nursing Management , 15(3), 256-263.
38.
Manojlovich, M., & Spence Laschinger, H.K. (2002). The relationship of empowerment and selected personality characteristics to nursing job satisfaction . Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(11), 586-595.
39.
McClure, M.L., & Hinshaw, A.S. ( 2002). Magnet hospitals revisited: Attraction and retention of professional nurses. Washington, DC: American Nurses Association.
40.
McVicar, A. ( 2003). Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(6), 633-642.
41.
Morrison, R.S., Jones, L., & Fuller, B. ( 1997). The relation between leadership style and empowerment on job satisfaction of nurses. Journal of Nursing Administration , 27(5), 27-34.
42.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. ( 1999). Stress at work. Cincinnati, OH: Author.
43.
O’Brien, S., & Page, S. ( 1994). Self-efficacy, perfectionism, and stress in Canadian nurses. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 26(3), 49-61.
44.
O’Brien-Pallas, L., Griffin, P., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Duffield, C., Hughes, F., et al. (2006). The impact of nurse turnover on patient, nurse, and system outcomes: A pilot study and focus for a multicenter international study. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, 7(3), 169-179.
45.
Price, J.L., & Mueller, C.W. ( 1981). Professional turnover: The case of nurses. Health Systems Management, 15, 1-160.
46.
Rambur, B., McIntosh, B., Palumbo, M.V., & Reinier, K. ( 2005). Education as a determinant of career retention and job satisfaction among registered nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship , 37(2), 185-192.
47.
Scott, J.G., Sochalski, J., & Aiken, L. ( 1999). Review of Magnet hospital research: Findings and implications for professional nursing practice. Journal of Nursing Administration , 29(1), 9-19.
48.
Shader, K., Broome, M.E., Broome, C.D., West, M.E., & Nash, M. ( 2001). Factors influencing satisfaction and anticipated turnover for nurses in an academic medical center. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(4), 210-216.
49.
Sourdif, J. ( 2004). Predictors of nurses’ intent to stay at work in a university health center. Nursing & Health Sciences , 6(1), 59-68.
50.
Spreitzer, G.M. ( 1995). An empirical test of a comprehensive model of intrapersonal empowerment in the workplace. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 601-629.
51.
Thomas, G.F., Tymon, W.G., & Thomas, K.W. ( 1994). Communication apprehension, interpretive styles, preparation, and performance in oral briefing. Journal of Business Communication , 31, 311-326.
52.
Thomas, K.W., & Tymon, W.G. ( 1995). Interpretive styles that contribute to job-related stress: Two studies of managerial and professional employees. Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal, 8(3), 235-250.
Thomas, K.W., & Velthouse, B.A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An "interpretive" model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Journal, 15, 666-681.
55.
Tzeng, H.M. ( 2002). The influence of nurses’ working motivation and job satisfaction on intention to quit: An empirical investigation in Taiwan . International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39(8), 867-878.
56.
Waldman, J.D., Kelly, F., Arora, S., & Smith, H.L. ( 2004). The shocking cost of turnover in health care. Health Care Management Review, 29(1), 2-7.
57.
Whitley, M.P., & Putzier, D.J. ( 1994). Measuring nurses’ satisfaction with the quality of their work and work environment. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 8(3), 43-51.
58.
Yin, J.C., & Yang, K.P. ( 2002). Nursing turnover in Taiwan: A meta-analysis of related factors. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39(6), 573-581.
59.
Zangaro, G.A., & Soeken, K.L. ( 2007). A meta-analysis of studies of nurses’ job satisfaction . Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 445-458.
