Week nights on Lifetime Television, Wink Martindale (the self-appointed “King of Credit”) introduces what he calls “the game show for the '90s—Debt.” Here, contestants do not vie for products; rather, they compete to have their debts paid off. A content analysis suggests that Debt normalizes owing. Hall's theories of ideology and articulation are supported in this work. The findings are important to researchers exploring the foundations of consumer society and to individual experiences of everyday life in terms of the normalization of debt through the traditional game-show genre.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Arena, Joe
. 1996. Framing an ideology of information: Retail credit and the mass media, 1910-30. Media, Culture and Society18:423-445.
2.
Becker, Samuel
. 1984. Marxist approaches to media studies: The British experience. Critical Studies in Mass Communication1:66-80.
3.
Belk, Russell W.
, and Richard W. Pollay. 1986. Images of ourselves: The good life in twentieth century advertising. Journal of Consumer Research11:887-897.
4.
Bleifuss, Joel
. 1996. House of cards. In These Times, 25 December, 12-14.
5.
Boorstin, Daniel J.
1973. The Americans: The democratic experience. New York: Random House.
6.
Bork, Diana Culp
. 1997. Why personal bankruptcies are surging. Wall Street Journal, 29 January, A11.
7.
Bourdieu, Pierre
. 1980. The aristocracy of culture. Media, Culture, and Society2:225-254.
8.
Brown, Mary-Ellen
. 1990. Television and women's culture: The politics of the popular. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
9.
Bryant, Keith L. Jr.
, and Henry C. Dethloff. 1983. A history of American business. 2d ed.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
10.
A California housewife looks at the credit questions
. 1929. Sunset Magazine, May, 68-69.
11.
Cooper-Chen, Anne
. 1994. Games in the global village: A 50-nation study of entertainment television. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green University Popular Press.
12.
DeLong, Thomas
. 1992. Quiz-craze: America's infatuation with game shows. New York and Westport, CT: Praeger.
13.
Dentzer, Susan
. 1997. To owe is human. Working Woman, March, 39-44.
14.
Ewen, Stuart
. 1976. Captains of consciousness: Advertising and the social roots of the consumer culture. New York: McGraw-Hill.
15.
Ewen, Stuart
. 1988. All consuming images: The politics of style in contemporary culture. New York: Basic Books.
16.
Fabe, Maxine
. 1979. TV game shows! A behind-the-scenes look at the starts! The prizes! The hosts! And the scandals!New York: Doubleday.
17.
Fiske, John
. 1987. Television culture. London: Methuen.
18.
Fiske, John
. 1990. Women and quiz shows: Consumerism, patriarchy and resisting pleasures. In Television and women's culture: The politics of the popular, edited by Mary Ellen Brown, 134-143. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
19.
Gardner, Marilyn
. 1996. Can a culture built on credit tear up its cards?Christian Science Monitor, 15 August, 12.
20.
Gertner, Robert
. 1993. Game shows and economic behavior: Risk-taking on “Card Sharks.”Quarterly Journal of Economics, 507-521.
21.
Goodman, Ellen
. 1996. Long ago, there was no fate worse than debt. Eugene Register-Guard, 10 September, 13A.
22.
Grant, James
. 1992. Money of the mind: Borrowing and lending in America from the Civil War to Michael Milken. New York: Garrar Straus Giroux.
23.
Hall, Stuart
. 1973. Encoding and decoding in the television discourse. Paper presented at the Council of Europe Colloquy on “Training in the Critical Reading of Television,”September, University of Leicester.
24.
Hall, Stuart
. 1986a. On post-modernism and articulation: An interview with Stuart Hall. Journal of Communication Inquiry10 (2): 45-60.
25.
Hall, Stuart
. 1986b. The problem of ideology: Marxism without guarantees. Journal of Communication Inquiry10 (2): 28-44.
26.
Hall, Stuart
. 1989. Ideology. In International encyclopedia of communication, edited by Eric Barnouw, vol. 2, 307-311. New York: Oxford University Press.
27.
Holbrook, Morris B.
1993. Daytime television game shows and the celebration of merchandise: The Price is Right. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Press.
28.
Lasch, Christopher
. 1979. The culture of narcissism: American life in an age of diminishing expectations. New York: Norton.
29.
Leach, William
. 1993. Land of desire: Merchants, power, and the rise of a new American culture. New York: Vintage Books.
30.
Lears, T. J. Jackson
. 1983. From salvation to self-realization: Advertising and the therapeutic roots of the consumer culture, 1880-1930. In The culture of consumption, edited by Richard W. Fox and T. J. Jackson Lears, 1-38. New York: Pantheon Books.
31.
Lifetime Television. 1996. Retrieved August 23 from the World Wide Web: http://www.lifetimetv.com.
32.
McGuire, Patricia A.1997. Paying for school: A college president's view. The Washington Post, April 6.
33.
Morrow, David J.1996. Spending it: The hit quiz show for those who owe. The New York Times, 11 August, sec. 3, 1.
34.
Playing games with credit card debt
. 1996. Credit Card Management9 (October): 6-8.
35.
Pound. A.1926. The land of dignified credit. The Atlantic, February, 252.
36.
Press, Andrea L.
1991. Women watching television: Gender, class, and generation in the American television experience. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
37.
Rapping, Elayne
. 1987. The looking glass world of nonfiction TV. Boston: South End.
38.
Ritzer, George
. 1995. Expressing America: A critique of the global credit card society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
39.
Rowland, Robert C.1991. On mythic criticism. Communication Studies41:101-116.
40.
Simmel, Georg
. 1991. Money in modern culture. Theory, Culture and Society8:17-31.
41.
Woolf, Virginia
. [1924] 1950. Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown. In The captain's death bed and other essays. Reprint, New York: Harcourt, Brace.
42.
Yankelovich, Daniel
. 1981. New rules: Searching for self- fulfillment in a world turned upside down. New York: Random House.