IMR Country Report — The Changing Dynamics of International Migration in Ethiopia

Abstract

Over the last 50 years, Ethiopia has experienced several socio-economic, environmental, and political crises, leading to significant migration internally and across borders. The IMR Country Report provides a concise overview of Ethiopia's migration history and the present state of international migration trends, which is a crucial migration hub in the Horn of Africa region. The report examines the changing dynamics of migration to, from, and through Ethiopia, including crucial insights from the complex migration journeys of individuals over the years. Migration outflows and drivers have shifted in scale, and the demographic profile of migrants, their countries of origin and destination, has also evolved. Additionally, over the last decade, there has been an increase in the involuntary repatriation of Ethiopian domestic workers from Gulf countries.

Keywords

international migration Ethiopia migration dynamics

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Adugna, Fekadu, Priya Deshingkar, and Tekalign Ayalew. 2019. “Brokers, Migrants, and the State: Berri Kefach “Door openers” in Ethiopian Clandestine Migration to South Africa.” University of Sussex. Working Paper 56. https://hdl.handle.net/10779/uos.23472446.v1.

Bariagaber

Assefaw.

1997. “Political Violence and the Uprooted in the Horn of Africa: A Study of Refugee Flows from Ethiopia.” Journal of Black Studies 28 (1): 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479702800102.

De Regt

Marina.

2007. “Ethiopian Women in the Middle East: The Case of Migrant Domestic Workers in Yemen.” Africa Studies Centre, Leiden 15: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.4000/cy.1853.

Estifanos

Yordanos S.

Freeman

Laura

. 2022. “Shifts in the Trend and Nature of Migration in the Ethiopia-South Africa Migration Corridor.” Zanj: The Journal of Critical Global South Studies 5 (1/2): 59–75. https://doi.org/10.13169/zanjglobsoutstud.5.1.0006.

Feyissa

Dereje.

2022. “Beyond Economics: The Role of Socio-Political Factors in Hadiya Migration to South Africa.” Zanj: The Journal of Critical Global South Studies 5 (1/2): 35–58. https://doi.org/10.13169/zanjglobsoutstud.5.1.0005.

Gemecho

Tsedeke Lambore

Goshu

Ayele Taye

. 2017. “Logistic Mixed Modelling of Determinants of International Migration from the Southern Ethiopia: Small Area Estimation Approach.” American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 6 (3): 170–82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20170603.16

Getahun

Solomon Addis

. 2007. The History of Ethiopian Immigrants and Refugees in America, 1900–2000: Patterns of Migration, Survival, and Adjustment. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub.

IOM. Return of Ethiopian migrants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Annual Review: 2023. https://eastandhornofafrica.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl701/files/documents/IOM_RDH_KSA_Annual_Overview_2022.pdf.

Kuschminder

Katie

Ogahara

Zoë

Rajabzadeh

Iman

. 2021. “Evaluations of Return Within a Mass Deportation: Ethiopians’ Experiences of Return After Expulsion from Saudi Arabia.” International Migration 59 (2): 167–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12742.

10.

Levine

Donald Nathan

. 1965. Wax & Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

11.

National Bank of Ethiopia. Annual Report 2021/22 https://nbe.gov.et/annual-report/.

12.

Terrazas

Aaron Matteo

. 2007. “Beyond Regional Circularity: The Emergence of an Ethiopian Diaspora.” Migration Policy Center. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/beyond-regional-circularity-emergence-ethiopian-diaspora

13.

Zewde

Bahru

Yntiso

Gebre

Berhanu

Kassahun

. Contribution of the Ethiopian diaspora to peace-building: a case study of the Tigrai Development Association. No. 8. [University of Jyväskylä], Diaspeace Project, 2010. https://doi.org/10.2307/1157696.