Comparison of Antihypertensives after Coronary Artery Surgery

Hypertension following coronary artery bypass grafting is a common problem that may result in postoperative myocardial infraction or bleeding, Hemodynamic effects were compared in 45 hypertensive coronary bypass patients randomized to receive either diltiazem, nitroglycerin, or sodium nitroprusside. Diltiazem was administered as an intravenous bolus of 0.3 mg·kg⁻¹ within 5 min, followed by infusion of 0.1–0.8 mg·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹ in group 1. Nitroglycerin was infused at a rate of 1–3 μg·kg·h⁻¹ in group 2, and sodium nitroprusside was given at a rate of 1–3 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹ in group 3. Hemodynamic measurements were carried out before infusion (T1) and at 30 min (T2), 2 h (T3), and 12 h (T4) after initiation of treatment in the intensive care unit. Mean arterial pressure decreased significantly in all groups. There were no differences among groups at T1 and T2. At T3, heart rate in group 2 was significantly higher than group 1. At T3 and T4, the double product was highest in group 3 (group 1 vs. 3, p < 0.001). These results suggest that the hemodynamic effects of the 3 drugs are similar within the first 30 min. However, after 30 min, diltiazem affords better myocardial performance and more effective control of hypertension.