Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in rural Haramaya district,Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online September, 2023
Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in rural Haramaya district,Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Background: The age of children up to 59 months is a critical period for children's growth and development and the age when optimal complementary feeding is crucial. Aim: To assess optimal complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in rural Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 was used for the analyses. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted at p-value < 0.05 and an Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: The percentage of mothers that practiced optimal complementary feeding practices was 53.5% (95% CI: 49.2%, 57.6%). Average monthly income of the family, $37.5 to $75 (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.98), institutional delivery (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.46), postnatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.82), having an awareness about IYCF (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.02), less than 30 min foot-walking to reach health facility (AOR = 2.61,95% CI: 1.65, 4.09), separate child's feeding plate (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.64), and attendance of Infant and Young Child Feeding demonstration (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.07) were significantly associated with optimal complementary feeding practices. Conclusion: The magnitude of optimal complementary feeding practices was below the minimum recommended level for the growth and development of children in the study area. Lack of access to and underutilization of maternal and child healthcare services were significant risk factors for suboptimal complementary feeding practices. Maternal and child health services would be essential to mitigate suboptimal feeding practices for children aged 6–23 months.
AberaK (2012) Infant and young child feeding practices among mothers living in Harar, Ethiopia. Harar Bulletin of Health Sciences4: 66–78.
2.
AbeshuMALelisaAGeletaB (2016) Complementary feeding: Review of recommendations, feeding practices, and adequacy of homemade complementary food preparations in developing countries–lessons from Ethiopia. Frontiers in Nutrition3: 41. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2016.00041
3.
AyanaDTarikuAFelekeA, et al. (2017) Complementary feeding practices among children in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. BMC research Notes10: 335.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2663-0.
4.
BlackREAllenLHBhuttaZA, et al.2008. Maternal and child undernutrition: Global and regional exposures and health consequences. The lancet371: 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0
5.
Central Statistical Agency/CSA/Ethiopia and ICF (2016) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF.
6.
Central Statistical Agency/Ethiopia and ICF International (2012) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International.
7.
ChaimisoANLodeboTMGebretsadikMT, et al. (2017) Compliance to national infant and young child feeding recommendation and associated factor among mothers of children 6-23 months-of-age in Gombora district, Southern Ethiopia: community based cross sectional study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences3: 5-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20170301.12
8.
ChapagainR (2013) Factors affecting complementary feeding practices of Nepali mothers for 6 months to 24 months children. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 11:205-7.
9.
DagneAHAntenehKTBadiMB, et al. (2019) Appropriate complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6–24 months in Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016. BMC research Notes12: 1–6.
10.
DemilewYMTafereTEAbitewDB (2017) Infant and young child feeding practice among mothers with 0–24 months old children in slum areas of Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. International Breastfeeding Journal12: 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-017-0117-x
11.
DharmasomaUSenevirathneSKarunamuniN, et al. (2020) “The battle of feeding”: Awareness and practices of responsive complementary feeding in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka-a qualitative study. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health49: 8–16.
12.
FAO and FHI 360 (2016) Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: A Guide for Measurement. Rome: FAO Available at:https://www.fao.org/3/i5486e/i5486e.pdf.
13.
FMOH (2004) Ethiopian national strategy on infant and young child feeding. Federal Ministry of Health. Available at:https://motherchildnutrition.org/nutrition-protection-promotion/pdf/mcn-national-strategy-for-infant-and-young-child-feeding-ethiopia.pdf
14.
FMOH (2016) National nutrition program June 2013–June 2015. Government of the Federal Democratic and Republic of Ethiopia.Available at:https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/sites/default/filesstore/ETH%202013%20National%20Nutrition%20Programme.pdf
15.
GesseseDBolkaHAbajobirAA, et al. (2014) The practice of complementary feeding and associated factors among mothers of children 6-23 months of age in Enemay district, Northwest Ethiopia. Nutrition & Food Science 44:230–240.
16.
GirmaYAregayABiruhG (2014) Infant feeding practice and associated factors among HIV positive mothers enrolled in governmental health facilities in Mekelle town, Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Journal of HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases2: 401.
17.
HeidkampRAAyoyaMATetaIN, et al. (2015) Complementary feeding practices and child growth outcomes in Haiti: An analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys. Maternal & Child Nutrition11: 815–828.
18.
IckesSBagumaCBraheCA, et al. (2017) Maternal participation in a nutrition education program in Uganda is associated with improved infant and young child feeding practices and feeding knowledge: A post-program comparison study. BMC Nutrition3: 32.
19.
IssakaAIAghoKEPageAN, et al. (2015) The problem of suboptimal complementary feeding practices in W est A frica: What is the way forward?Maternal & Child Nutrition11: 53–60.
20.
KabirIKhanamMAghoKE, et al. (2012) Determinants of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in infant and young children in Bangladesh: Secondary data analysis of Demographic Health Survey 2007. Maternal & Child Nutrition8: 11–27.
21.
KassaTMesheshaBHajiY, et al. (2016) Appropriate complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children age 6–23 months in Southern Ethiopia, 2015. BMC Pediatrics16: 131.
22.
KhanalVSauerKZhaoY (2013) Determinants of complementary feeding practices among Nepalese children aged 6–23 months: Findings from demographic and health survey 2011. BMC Pediatrics13: 131.
23.
KimSSRawatRMwangiEM, et al. (2016) Exposure to large-scale social and behavior change communication interventions is associated with improvements in infant and young child feeding practices in Ethiopia. PLoS One11: e0164800.
24.
Kimani-MurageEWMadiseNJFotsoJ-C, et al. (2011) Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya. BMC Public Health11: 396.
25.
KuriyanRKurpadA (2012) Complementary feeding patterns in India. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases22: 799–805.
26.
LiaqatPRizviMQayyumA, et al. (2007) Association between complementary feeding practice and mothers education status in Islamabad. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics20: 340–344.
27.
MekbibEShumeyAFeredeS, et al. (2014) Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among mothers having children 6–23 months-of-age in northern Ethiopia; a community-based cross-sectional study. J Food Nutr Sci2: 36.
28.
MekonnenTCWorkieSBYimerTM, et al. (2017) Meal frequency and dietary diversity feeding practices among children 6–23 months of age in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition36: 18.
29.
Moges (2016) Assessment of the nutritional adequacy of complementary foods and infant and young child feeding practices in Sodo Zurea District, Wolayita, Southern Ethiopia. The FASEB Journal 30:1149-6.
30.
MollaMEjiguTNegaG (2017) Complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers having children 6–23 months of age, Lasta district, Amhara region, Northeast Ethiopia. Advances in Public Health2017.1–8.
31.
OgboFAPageAIdokoJ, et al. (2015) Trends in complementary feeding indicators in Nigeria, 2003–2013. BMJ open 5:e008467.
32.
RobaKTO’ConnorTPBelachewT, et al. (2016) Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among mothers of children aged 6–23 months in two agro-ecological zones of rural Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci5: 185–194.
33.
SaakaMLarbiAMutaruS, et al. (2016) Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among children 6–23 months in northern Ghana. BMC Nutrition2: 2.
34.
SemahegnATesfayeGBogaleA (2014) Complementary feeding practice of mothers and associated factors in Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. The Pan African Medical Journal18:1–11.
35.
SenarathUDibleyMJ (2012) Complementary feeding practices in South Asia: Analyses of recent national survey data by the South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network. Maternal & Child Nutrition8: 5–10.
36.
SholeyeOOAkinpeluABankoleE, et al. (2016) Knowledge of infant feeding among mothers in sagamu, southwestern Nigeria: Implications for nutrition education. Am. J. Food Nutr6: 69–76.
37.
ShumeyADemissieMBerhaneY (2013) Timely initiation of complementary feeding and associated factors among children aged 6 to 12 months in Northern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health13: 1050.
38.
UNICEF-WHO (2020) Levels & trends in child malnutrition. Available at:https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240003576:Access date:20/05/2020.
39.
VaahteraMKulmalaTHietanenA, et al. (2001) Breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in rural Malawi. Acta Paediatrica90: 328–332.
40.
WHO (2009) Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals.World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Avialable at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44117.
41.
WHO (2010) Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: part 2: measurement.Available at:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44306/9789241599290_eng.pdf?sequence=1: Access date:20/04/2020.
YemaneSAwokeTGebreslassieM (2014) Timely initiation of complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers of children aged from 6 to 24 months in Axum town, north Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci3: 438–442.
44.
YonasF (2015) Infant and young child feeding practice status and associated factors among mothers of under 24-month-old children in Shashemene Woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Open Access Library Journal2: 1.
