Food Habits of Mothers and Children in Two Regions of Oman

Several rapid assessment surveys were carried out during the period 1988–1991 to determine the food habit of preschool children, adolescent girls and mothers in Muscat (the capital) and southern region in Oman. Data were collected from health centers, hospitals and households. There have been differences in dietary habits between the people in the two regions. These differences were more evident in breastfeeding practices, meal patterns of adolescent girls and food frequency intake of mothers. Geographical location, occupation of inhabitants, cultural and ethnic factors may be responsible for the variation in dietary habits between the two regions. Several unsound food practices during pregnancy and puerperium were reported in both regions. In general, dietary patterns of mothers and children have changed dramatically during the past two decades. Duration of breastfeeding has declined and infant formula as well as commercial weaning foods were introduced at an early time of infants' lives. The trend of consumption of food for infants, adolescent girls and mothers is in the direction of unhealthier eating habits, as foods rich in fat, cholesterol, refined sugar and salt are commonly consumed. This food pattern may contribute to diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and dental caries. A nutrition education programme to promote a healthy diet and to correct unsound food beliefs and habits is urgently needed.