This article critically examines the interrelationship of values and emotions in international relations. It focuses on the different meaning of affects and emotions, and theorizes about the affective qualities of values in world politics. It defines affective values as values that arise from the ceaseless, unconscious striving(s) to contest the outside control over one’s life. In doing so, it distinguishes between negative affective values, which represent the evocation of fear, shame, and distrust to shape and project the creative energies of resistance, and positive affective values that signify the material and practical strategies that convert these energies into an awareness of one’s insecurity in the world. The article argues that the tension between positive and negative affective values allows us to understand the transformative link between emotions and values. By focusing on the norm of humanitarian intervention, it contextualizes positive affective values in terms of the new resilience initiative of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P).
BellamyAJ (2013) Mainstreaming RtoP in the UN system: Dilemmas, challenges and opportunities. Global Responsibility to Protect5(2): 154–191.
3.
BerlinI (1959) The Crooked Timber of Humanity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4.
Bially MatternJ (2011) A practice theory of emotion in international relations. In: AdlerEPouilotV (eds) International Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.63–86.
5.
BleikerRHutchisonE (2008) Fear no more: Emotions and world politics. Review of International Studies34(3): 115–135.
6.
BrassettJCroftSVaughn-WilliamsN (2013) Introduction: Agenda for resilience in politics and international relations. Politics33(4): 221–228.
7.
CaraccioloM (2012) Narrative, meaning, interpretation: An enactivist approach. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences11(3): 367–384.
8.
CathcartT (2014) The Trolley Problem or Would You Throw the Fat Guy off the Bridge? A Philosophical Conundrum. New York: Woreman Publishing.
9.
ChandlerD (2013) International state-building and the ideology of resilience. Politics33(4): 274–286.
10.
CrawfordN (2000) The passion of world politics. International Security24(4): 116–156.
11.
CrawfordN (2014) Institutionalizing passion in world politics: Fear and empathy. International Theory6(3): 535–557.
12.
DamasioE (2003) Looking for Spinoza: Joy and the Feeling Brain. New York: Harcourt.
13.
DeleuzeGGuattariF (1987) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
14.
DeleuzeGGuattariF (1991) What is Philosophy?New York: Columbia University Press.
15.
DemertzisN (2013) Emotion in Politics: The Affect Dimension in Political Tension. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
16.
DuffieldM (2012) Challenge environments of danger: Resilience and ‘Aid Industry’. Security Dialogue43(3): 475–492.
17.
EdkinsJ (2003) Trauma and Memory of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18.
EkmanP (1992) Are there basic emotions?Psychological Review99(3): 550–553.
19.
ElsterJ (1999) Strong Feelings: Emotion Addiction and Human Behaviour. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
20.
EvansG (2008) The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocities Once and for All. Washington, DC: Brookings Press.
21.
FattahKFierkeKM (2009) A clash of emotions: The politics of humiliation and political violence in the Middle East. European Journal of International Relations15(1): 67–93.
22.
FierkeKM (2014) Political Self-Sacrifice: Agency, Body, and Emotion in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23.
GoldieP (2002) Emotions, feelings, intentionality. Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences1(3): 235–254.
24.
GriffithsP (1997) What Emotions Really Are: The Problems of Psychological Categories. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
25.
GroveKAdeyP (2015) Security and the politics of resilience: An aesthetic response. Politics35(1): 78–84.
26.
HarrisS (2010) The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values. New York: Free Press.
27.
HaynerP (2011) Unspeakable Truths: Transitional Justice and Challenges of Truth Commissions. Abingdon: Routledge.
28.
HutchisonEBleikerR (2014) Theorizing emotions in world politics. International Theory6(3): 491–514.
29.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) (2001) The Responsibility to Protect. Ottawa, ON, Canada: International Development Research Centre.
30.
JefferyR (2013) Reason and Emotion in International Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31.
LazareP (2004) On Apology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32.
LebowRN (2003) The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interests, and Orders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33.
LeysR (2011) The turn to affect: A critique. Critical Inquiry37(3): 434–472.
34.
MargalitA (1990) The Decent Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
35.
MassumiB (2002) Parables of the Virtual: Movement, Affect and Sensation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
36.
MearsheimerJ (2001) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: W.W. Norton.
37.
MercerJ (2005) Rationality and psychology in international relations. International Organization59(1): 77–106.
38.
MillerWI (1993) Humiliation: And Other Essays on Honor, Social Discomfort, and Violence. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.
39.
MinowM (1998) Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
40.
MulliganK (1998) From appropriate emotions to values. Monist81(1): 161–188.
41.
NussbaumMC (2001) Upheavals of Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
42.
NussbaumMC (2013) Political Emotions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
43.
O’MalleyP (2010) Resilient subjects: Uncertainty. Warfare and neoliberalism. Economy and Society39(4): 488–509.
44.
OpriskoRL (2012) Honor: A Phenomenology. Abingdon: Routledge.
45.
PayneK (2014) Fighting on: Emotion and conflict termination. Cambridge Review of International Affairs28(3): 480–497.
RoachSC (2007) Critical international theory and meta-dialectics: Fourth debate or fifth dimension?Millennium35(2): 321–342.
48.
RoachSC (2008) Critical Theory and International Relations: A Reader. New York; London: Routledge.
49.
RoachSC (ed.) (2009) Governance, Order, and the International Criminal Court: Between Realpolitik and a Cosmopolitan Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50.
RoachSC (2010) Critical Theory of International Politics: Complementarity, Justice and Governance. New York; London: Routledge.
51.
RossA (2006) Coming in from the cold: Constructivism and emotions. European Journal of International Relations12(2): 197–222.
52.
SauretteP (2005) The Kantian Imperative: Humiliation, Common Sense and Politics. Toronto, ON, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
53.
ScheffTJ (2000) Bloody Revenge: Emotion, Nationalism and War. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com, Inc.
54.
SchelerM (1954) The Nature of Sympathy, translated by Peter Heath. Hamden, CT: Archon.
55.
SolomonRC (1993) The Passions: Emotions and the Meaning of Life. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
56.
SolomonRC (2007) True to Our Feelings: What Emotions are Really Telling Us. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
57.
ThoitsPA (1989) The sociology of emotions. Annual Review of Sociology15(1): 317–342.
58.
United Nations (2012) UN Secretary General Report to the General Assembly and Security Council: The Responsibility to Protect: State Responsibility and Prevention (A/67/929–S/2013/399). Available at: http://responsibilitytoprotect.org/SG%20report%202013(1).pdf
59.
VerdejaE (2009) Unchopping a Tree: Reconciliation in the Aftermath of Political Violence. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
60.
WaltzKW (1979) Theory of International Politics. New York: Random House.
61.
WeberM (1978) Economy and Society, vol. 1, Berkeley: University of California Press.
62.
WhiteGM (1994) Affecting culture: Emotion and morality in everyday life. In: KitayamaSMarkusHR (eds) Emotion and Culture: Empirical Studies of Mutual Influence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp.219–240.
63.
WiersbickaA (1994) Emotion, language and cultural scripts. In: KitayamaSMarkusHR (eds) Emotion and Culture: Empirical Studies of Mutual Influence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp.133–196.
