Brain perfusion evaluated by regional tissue oxygenation as a possible quality indicator of ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. An experimental porcine cardiac arrest study

Abstract

Introduction:

Relationship between regional tissue oxygenation (rSO₂) and microcirculatory changes during cardiac arrest (CA) are still unclear. Therefore, we designed an experimental study to correlate rSO₂, microcirculation and systemic hemodynamic parameters in a porcine model of CA.

Methods:

Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 24 female pigs (50±3kg) and left for three minutes untreated followed by five minutes of mechanical CPR. Regional and peripheral saturations were assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy, sublingual microcirculation by Sidestream Dark Field technology and continuous hemodynamic parameters, including systemic blood pressure (MAP) and carotid blood flow (CF), during baseline, CA and CPR periods. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, the Friedman test and the partial correlation method were used to compare these parameters.

Results:

Brain and peripheral rSO₂ showed a gradual decrease during CA and only an increase of brain rSO₂ during mechanical CPR (34.5 to 42.5; p=0.0001), reflected by a rapid decrease of microcirculatory and hemodynamic parameters during CA and a slight increase during CPR. Peripheral rSO₂ was not changed significantly during CPR (38 to 38.5; p=0.09). We only found a moderate correlation of cerebral/peripheral rSO₂ to microcirculatory parameters (PVD: r=0.53/0.46; PPV: r=0.6/0.5 and MFI: r=0.64/0.52) and hemodynamic parameters (MAP: r=0.64/0.71 and CF: 0.71/0.67).

Conclusions:

Our experimental study confirmed that monitoring brain and peripheral rSO₂ is an easy-to-use method, well reflecting the hemodynamics during CA. However, only brain rSO₂ reflects the CPR efforts and might be used as a potential quality indicator for CPR.

Keywords

near-infrared spectroscopy regional brain saturation microcirculation cardiac arrest mechanical CPR

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