It is first argued that the commercial failure of knowledge-based systems (KBS) is due to the lack of business emphasis of KBS development methodologies. This article outlines the evolution of KBS methodologies and the recent change of emphasis from a technology-driven to a business-led approach. It further examines the ‘application identification and selection’ activities of two KBS methodologies, KADS and STAGES. Their weaknesses are highlighted and it is argued that an integrated strategic methodological approach to the development of information systems and knowledge-based systems is required. The strategic phase of an IS methodology is then summarized; specific points within it where KBS-related activities could be incorporated are identified. This exercise illustrates how IS methodologies could be used as a basis for the joint strategic planning of IS and KBS systems.
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