Development and psychometric properties of the DCDDaily: a new test for clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder

Abstract

Objective:

To develop the DCDDaily, an instrument for objective and standardized clinical assessment of capacity in activities of daily living (ADL) in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to investigate its usability, reliability, and validity.

Subjects:

Five to eight-year-old children with and without DCD.

Main measures:

The DCDDaily was developed based on thorough review of the literature and extensive expert involvement. To investigate the usability (assessment time and feasibility), reliability (internal consistency and repeatability), and validity (concurrent and discriminant validity) of the DCDDaily, children were assessed with the DCDDaily and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test, and their parents filled in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist and Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire.

Results:

459 children were assessed (DCD group, n = 55; normative reference group, n = 404). Assessment was possible within 30 minutes and in any clinical setting. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s α = 0.83. Intraclass correlation = 0.87 for test–retest reliability and 0.89 for inter-rater reliability. Concurrent correlations with Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Test and questionnaires were ρ = −0.494, 0.239, and −0.284, p < 0.001. Discriminant validity measures showed significantly worse performance in the DCD group than in the control group (mean (SD) score 33 (5.6) versus 26 (4.3), p < 0.001). The area under curve characteristic = 0.872, sensitivity and specificity were 80%.

Conclusions:

The DCDDaily is a valid and reliable instrument for clinical assessment of capacity in ADL, that is feasible for use in clinical practice.

Keywords

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)activities of daily living (ADL)test design assessment usability reliability validity

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

American Psychiatric Association. Task Force Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2000.

Blank

Smits-Engelsman

Polatajko

Wilson

. European academy for childhood disability (EACD): Recommendations on the definition, diagnosis and intervention of developmental coordination disorder (long version)*. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54(1): 54–93.

May-Benson

Ingolia

Koomar

. Daily living skills and developmental coordination disorder. In: Cermak

Larkin

(eds) Developmental Coordination Disorder. Albany, NY: Delmar, 2002.

Polatajko

Cantin

. Developmental coordination disorder (dyspraxia): An overview of the state of the art. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2005; 12(4): 250–258.

Missiuna

Moll

King

Law

. A trajectory of troubles: Parents' impressions of the impact of developmental coordination disorder. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2007; 27(1): 81–101.

Geuze

. Characteristics of DCD: On problems and prognosis. In: Geuze

(ed.) Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Review of Current Approaches. Marseille: Solal, 2007.

Barnett

. Motor assessment in developmental coordination disorder: From identification to intervention. Int J Disabil, Dev Edu 2008; 55(2): 113–129.

Larkin

Rose

. Assessment of developmental coordination disorder. In: Sugden

Chambers

(eds) Children with Developmental Coordination Dirsorder. London: Whurr Publishers, 2005.

Sugden

. Developmental Coordination Disorder as Specific Learning Difficulty. www.dcd-uk.org (updated 2006).

10.

Magalhaes

Cardoso

Missiuna

. Activities and participation in children with developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review. Res Dev Disabil 2011; 32(4): 1309–1316.

11.

Holsbeeke

Ketelaar

Schoemaker

Gorter

. Capacity, capability, and performance: Different constructs or three of a kind? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009; 90(5): 849–855.

12.

Pless

Carlsson

. Effects of motor skill intervention on developmental coordination disorder: A meta-analysis. Adap Phys Act Quarterly 2000; 17(4): 381–401.

13.

Rosenblum

. The development and standardization of the children activity scales (ChAS-P/T) for the early identification of children with developmental coordination disorders. Child Care Health Dev 2006; 32(6): 619–632.

14.

Beery

. The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc., 2004.

15.

Henderson

Sugden

Barnett

. Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, Examiner’s Manual. London: Pearson Assessment, 2007.

16.

Geuze

Jongmans

Schoemaker

Smits-Engelsman

. Clinical and research diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder: A review and discussion. Hum Mov Sci 2001; 20(1): 7–47.

17.

Geuze

. Motor impairment in developmental coordination disorder and activities of daily living. In: Sugden

Chambers

(eds) Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. London and Philadelphia: Whurr Publishers, 2005, pp.41.

18.

Josman

Goffer

Rosenblum

. Development and standardization of a “do-eat” activity of daily living performance test for children. Am J Occup Ther 2010; 64(1): 47–58.

19.

Fisher

Bryze

Atchison

. Naturalistic assessment of functional performance in school settings: Reliability and validity of the school AMPS scales. J Outcome Meas 2000; 4(1): 491–512.

20.

Fisher

Bryze

Hume

. SchoolAMPS: School Version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Ft Collins, CO: Three Star Press, 2002.

21.

Dewey

Wilson

. Developmental coordination disorder: What is it? Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2001; 20(2/3): 5–28.

22.

Cermak

Gubbay

Larkin

. What is developmental coordination disorder? In: Cermak

Larkin

(eds) Developmental Coordination Disorder. Albany, NY: Delmar, 2002.

23.

Wilson

Kaplan

Crawford

Campbell

Dewey

. Reliability and validity of a parent questionnaire on childhood motor skills. Am J Occup Ther 2000; 54(5): 484–493.

24.

Green

Bishop

Wilson

, et al. Is questionnaire-based screening part of the solution to waiting lists for children with developmental coordination disorder? Br J Occup Ther 2005; 68(1): 2–10.

25.

Green

Lingam

Mattocks

Riddoch

Ness

Emond

. The risk of reduced physical activity in children with probable developmental coordination disorder: A prospective longitudinal study. Res Dev Disabil 2011; 32(4): 1332–1342.

26.

Wilson

. Practitioner review: Approaches to assessment and treatment of children with DCD: An evaluative review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46(8): 806–823.

27.

World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children & Youth Version. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.

28.

Reed

Sanderson

. Concepts of Occupational Therapy. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

29.

Burton

Miller

. Movement Skill Assessment. Human Kinetics Publishers, 1998.

30.

Poeck

. The clinical examination for motor apraxia. Neuropsychol 1986; 24(1): 129–134.

31.

Chaytor

Schmitter-Edgecombe

Burr

. Improving the ecological validity of executive functioning assessment. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006; 21(3): 217–227.

32.

Missiuna

Pollock

. Beyond the norms. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 1995; 15(4): 57–74.

33.

Shrout

Fleiss

. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979; 86(2): 420.

34.

Kline

. The Handbook of Psychological Testing. Psychology Press, 2000.

35.

Glover

Albers

. Considerations for evaluating universal screening assessments. J School Psychol 2007; 45(2): 117–135.

36.

Landis

Koch

. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977: 159–174.

37.

Streiner

Norman

. Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to their Development and Use. Oxford University Press, USA, 2008.

38.

Kadesjo

Gillberg

. Developmental coordination disorder in Swedish 7-year-old children. J Am Ac Child Adol Psychiatry 1999; 38(7): 820–828.

39.

Law

Baptiste

Carswell

McColl

Polatajko

Pollock

. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. 3rd ed. Toronto, ON: CAOT Publications ACE, 1998.

40.

Kiresuk

Smith

Cardillo

. Goal Attainment Scaling: Applications, Theory, and Measurement. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1994.

41.

Polatajko

Mandich

Miller

Macnab

. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP): Part II-the evidence. Phys OccupTher Pediatr 2001; 20(2/3): 83–106.

42.

Polatajko

Mandich

Missiuna

, et al. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP): Part III—the protocol in brief. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2001; 20(2–3): 107–123.

43.

Missiuna

Mandich

Polatajko

Malloy-Miller

. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2001; 20(2–3): 69–81.

44.

Niemeijer

Smits-Engelsman

BCM

Schoemaker

. Neuromotor task training for children with developmental coordination disorder: A controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007; 49(6): 406–411.