Abstract
Objective
To analyse physical fitness trajectories in paediatric burn survivors from discharge to 2 years post-injury, compare them with an age- and gender-matched control group, and identify baseline demographic and clinical determinants.
Design
Prospective and longitudinal cohort study.
Participants
The study included participants with burn injuries (burn group, n = 45), aged 10–17 years, with burns involving ≥25% of total body surface area, and an age- and gender-matched group of healthy children (control group, n = 45).
Main measures
Participants underwent standardised fitness assessments at discharge and 24 months later. Health-related physical fitness was quantitatively assessed using the validated EUROFIT physical fitness test battery.
Results
Longitudinal analysis revealed significant improvements in seven of nine fitness domains for participants with burn injuries over two years (pFDR < 0.001). Despite these gains, these participants exhibited persistent fitness deficits compared to healthy controls across all domains at follow-up (all p < 0.001). Among those with burn injuries, greater total body surface area (β = –0.007, p = 0.03) and third-degree burn percentage (β = –0.57, p < 0.001) predicted lower overall fitness, while longer rehabilitation predicted higher fitness (β = 0.50, p < 0.001). No baseline clinical factors significantly predicted the rate of fitness change over time (all interaction p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Paediatric burn survivors demonstrated significant improvements in physical fitness over 2 years but failed to close the performance gap with their healthy peers. Injury severity and rehabilitation duration were strong determinants of fitness level, but they did not predict the rate of improvement.
Keywords
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