Abstract
Background:
Gamification has been adopted in the health care field for broaching sensitive topics and increasing motivation for behavior changes. Games developed to stimulate discussion surrounding end-of-life issues, and thereby promoting advance care planning also emerged.
Aim:
The aim is to integrate the quantitative evidence and qualitative evidence to understand the effectiveness of and experience with games for advance care planning.
Design:
A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020163312) was undertaken. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used for quality appraisal. Data were synthesized and pooled for meta-analysis or meta-aggregation when appropriate.
Data sources:
We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, WanFang, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from the inception of the databases for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies.
Results:
Eleven articles of ten studies were included, six of which were feasibility studies. The quality of the quantitative component of most included studies (7/8) was rated as low, and the qualitative component of most included studies (7/8) was rated as moderate. The meta-analysis showed that games for advance care planning are effective to increase self-efficacy, readiness, knowledge, and process of advance care planning behaviors. The meta-aggregation showed that games for advance care planning are highly acceptable and the participants perceived the game experience as fun and enjoyable.
Conclusions:
Advance care planning games seem to be a promising intervention for increasing the uptake of advance care planning behaviors. Well-designed randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of games for advance care planning are needed in the future.
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