Intracytoplasmic lysozynie was studied by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) and protein A-peroxidase methods in 130 cases of various myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders and 21 lymph nodes and bone marrow metastases from solid primary tumors. This marker, which can be identified in formalin or Zenker-fixed tissues, as well as in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, proved useful to distinguish malignant myeloid and histiocytic tumors from malignant lymphoid and undifferentiated epithelial metastases. The diagnostic application of these findings are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AsamerH.SchmalzlF.BraunsteinerH.: Immunocytological demonstration of lysozyme (muramidase) in human leukaemic cells.Br. J. Haematol., 20: 571–574, 1971.
2.
AzarH.A.JaffeE.S.BerardC.W.CallihanR.T.BraylanR.R.CossmannJ.TricheT.J.: Diffuse large lymphomas (reticulum cell sarcomas, histiocytic lymphomas). Correlation of morphologic features with functional markers.Cancer, 46: 1428–1441, 1980.
3.
BaintonD.F.: Neutrophil granules.Br. J. Haematol., 29: 17–22, 1975.
4.
BennetT.M.CatovskyD.DanielM.T.FlandrinG.GaltonD.A.G.GralnickH.R.SultanC.: Proposal for classification of acute leukaemias.Br. J. Haematol., 33: 451–458, 1976.
5.
BerardC.W.JaffeE.J.BraylanR.C.MannR.B.NanbaK.: Immunologic aspects and pathology of the malignant lymphomas.Cancer, 42: 911–921, 1978.
6.
BinderR.A.GilbertH.S.: Muramidase in polycythemia vera.Blood, 36: 228–232, 1970.
7.
BriggsR.S.PerillieP.E.FinchS.C.: Lysozyme in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells.J. Histochem. Cytochem., 14: 167–170, 1966.
8.
BrouetT.C.Preud'HommeJ.L.FlandrinG.ChelloulN.SeligmannM.: Membrane markers in « histiocytic » lymphomas (reticulum cell sarcomas).J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 56: 631–633, 1976.
9.
BurnsJ.: Background staining and sensitivity of the unlabelled antibody-enzyme (PAP) method. Comparison with peroxidase-labelled antibody sandwich method using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material.Histochemistry, 43: 291–294, 1975.
10.
CatovskyD.GaltonD.A.G.GriffinC.: The significance of lysozyme estimations in acute myeloid and chronic monocytic leukaemia.Br. J. Haematol., 21: 565–580, 1971.
11.
CatovskyD.GaltonD.A.G.GraffinC.HoffbrandA.V.SzurL.: Serum lysozyme and vitamin B12 binding capacity in myeloproliferative disorders.Br. J. Haematol., 21: 661–672, 1971.
12.
CatovskyD.O'BrienM.CherchiM.: Cytochemistry: An aid to the diagnosis and classification of the acute leukaemias.Recent Results Cancer Res., 64: 108–112, 1978.
13.
CurrieG.A.: Serum lysozyme as a marker of host resistence: 11 patients with malignant melanoma, hypernephroma or breast carcinoma.Br. J. Cancer, 33: 593–599, 1976.
14.
DacieJ.V.LewisS.M.: Practical Haematology.Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, New York, 1975.
15.
DuffyT.P.KnightsE.B.EgglestonJ.C.: Elevated muramidase levels in histiocytic medullary reticulosis.N. Engl. J. Med., 294: 167–168, 1976.
16.
EcclesS.A.AlexanderP.: Macrophage content of tumour in relation to metastatic spread and host-immune reaction.Nature, 250: 667–668, 1974.
17.
FaliniB.TabilioA.ZuccacciaM.MartelliM.F.: Protein A-peroxidase conjugates for two-stage immunoenzyme staining of intracellular antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues.J. Immunol. Methods, 39: 111–120, 1980.
GhoosY.VantrappenG.R.: The cytochemical localization of lysozyme activity in leukocytes.Histochem. J., 2: 11–20, 1970.
20.
GordonS.ToddJ.CohnZ.A.: In vitro synthesis and secretion of lysozyme by mononuclear phagocytes.J. Exp. Med., 139: 1228–1248, 1974.
21.
GreenbergerJ.S.Gampos-NetoA.ParkmanR.MoloneyW.C.KarpasA.SchlossmanS.F.RosenthalD.S.: Immunologic detection of intracellular and cell-surface lysozyme with human and experimental leukaemic leukocytes.Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 8: 318–334, 1977.
22.
GreenbergerJ.S.RosenthalD.S.AaronsonA.MoloneyW.C.: Acute myelogenous leukaemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: Establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo.Blood, 46: 27–38, 1975.
23.
HansenN.E.: Lysozyme in haematology. Pathophysiology and clinical use.Scand. J. Haematol., 14: 160–165, 1975.
24.
HansenN.E.KarleH.: Elevated plasma lysozyme in Hodgkin's disease.Scand. J. Haematol., 22: 173–178, 1979.
25.
HansenN.E.KarleH.AndersonV.OlgaardK.: Lysozyme turnover in man.J. Clin. Invest., 51: 1146–1155, 1972.
26.
KarleH.HansenN.E.KillmannS.A.: Intracellular lysozyme in mature neutrophils and blasts cells in acute leukaemia.Blood, 44: 247–255, 1974.
27.
KarleH.HansenN.E.PlesnerT.: Neutrophil defect in multiple myeloma. Studies of intraneutrophilic lysozyme in multiple myeloma and malignant lymphoma.Scand. J. Haematol., 17: 62–70, 1976.
28.
KatayamaI.YangJ.P.S.: Reassessment of a cytochemical test for differential diagnosis of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis.Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 68: 268–272, 1977.
29.
KlockarsM.ReitamoS.: Tissue distribution of lysozyme in man.J. Histochem. Cytochem., 23: 932–940, 1975.
30.
KlockarsM.SelroosO.: Elevated muramidase levels in histiocytic medullary reticulosis.N. Engl. J. Med., 294: 901–902, 1976.
LiC.Y.HarrisonE.G.: Histochemical and immunohistochemical study of diffuse large cell lymphomas.Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 70: 721–732, 1978.
33.
LukesR.J.CollinsR.D.: A functional classification of malignant lymphomas.In: The Reticulo-entdothelial System.RebuckJ.W.BerardC.W.AdellM.R. (Eds.), pp. 213–242, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1975.
34.
LukesR.J.ParkerJ.W.TaylorC.R.TindelB.H.CramerA.D.LincolnT.L.: Immunologic approach to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and related leukaemias. An analysis of the results of multiparameter studies of 425 cases.Semin. Hematol., 15: 322–351, 1978.
35.
MasonD.Y.: Intracellular lysozyme and lactoferrin in myeloproliferative disorders.J. Clin. Pathol., 30: 541–546, 1977.
36.
MasonD.Y.FarrelC.TaylorC.R.: The detection of intracellular antigens in human leukocytes by immunoperoxidase staining.Br. J. Haematol., 31: 361–370, 1975.
37.
MasonD.Y.TaylorC.R.: The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in human tissues.J. Clin. Pathol., 28: 124–132, 1975.
MendelsohnG.EgglestonJ.C.MannR.B.: Relationship of lysozyme (muramidase) to histiocytic differentiation in malignant histiocytosis. An immunohistochemical study.Cancer, 45: 273–2791980.
40.
NakaneP.K.KawaoiA.: Peroxidase-labelled antibody. A new method of conjugation.T. Histochem. Cytochem., 22: 1084–1091, 1974.
41.
OssermannE.F.LawlorD.P.: Serum and urinary lysozyme (muramidase) in monocytic and mono-myelocytic leukaemia.J. Exp. Med., 124: 921–951, 1966.
42.
PangalisG.A.NathwaniB.N.RappaportH.: An immunocytochemical study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.Cancer, 48: 915–922, 1981.
43.
PerillieP.E.KaplanS.S.LefkowitzE.RogawayW.FinchS.C.: Studies of muramidase (lysozyme) in leukemia.J.A.M.A., 203: 317–322, 1968.
44.
PinkusG.S.SaidJ.W.: Specific identification of intracellular immunoglobulin in paraffin sections in multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia using an immunoperoxidase technique.Am. J. Pathol., 87: 47–58, 1977.
45.
PinkusG.S.SaidJ.W.: Profile of intracytoplasmic lysozyme in normal tissues, myeloproliferative disorders, hairy cell leukemia, and other pathologic processes.Am. J. Pathol., 89: 351–366, 1977.
46.
RalphP.MooreM.A.S.NilssonK.: Lysozyme synthesis by established human and murine histiocytic lymphoma cell lines.J. Exp. Med., 143: 1528–1533, 1976.
47.
RappaportH.: Tumours of the Hematopoietic System.Atlas of Tumour Pathology, Section 3, Fascicle 8.Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Washington, D.C., 1966.
48.
ReitamoS.: Lysozyme antigenicity and tissue fixation.Histochemistry, 55: 197–207, 1978.
49.
SeligmanB.R.RosnerF.PariseF.LeeS.L.: Serum muramidase in acute leukemia.Am. J. Med. Sci., 264: 69–82, 1972.
50.
SennH.J.ChuB.O'MalleyJ.HollandJ.F.: Experimental and clinical studies on muramidase (lysozyme).Acta Haematol., 44: 45–77, 1970.
51.
SkarinA.T.MatsuoY.MoloneyW.C.: Muramidase in myeloproliferative disorders terminating in acute leukemia.Cancer, 29: 1336–1342, 1972.
52.
SteinH.MasonD.Y.GerdesJ.ZeiglerA.NaiemM.WernetP.LennertK.: Immunohistology of B cell lymphomas. In: Leukemia Markers, KnappW.. (Eds.), pp. 99–108, Academic Press, New York, 1981.
53.
SyrenE.RaesteA.M.: Identification of blood monocytes by demonstration of lysozyme and peroxidase activity.Acta Haematol., 45: 29–35, 1971.
54.
TaylorC.R.: An immunohistologic study of follicular lymphoma, reticulum cell sarcoma and Hodgkin disease.Eur. J. Cancer, 12: 61–75, 1976.
WiernikP.H.SerpickA.A.: Clinical significance of serum and urinary muramidase activity in leukemia and other haematologic malignancies.Am. J. Med., 46: 330–343, 1969.
57.
YamL.T.LiC.Y.CrosbyW.J.: Cytochemical identification of mycocytes and granulocytes.Am. J. Clin. Jathol., 55: 283–290, 1971.
58.
ZehrD.R.: Use of hydrogen peroxide-egg albumin to eliminate non-specific staining in immunoperoxidase techniques.J. Histochem. Cytochem., 26: 415–418, 1978.
