Liver Metastases from Gastric Carcinoma: Report of a Patient Treated with Adoptive Immunotherapy (Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes plus Interleukin-2 and Subsequently Local-Regional Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells plus inTerleukin-2)
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online November, 1995
Liver Metastases from Gastric Carcinoma: Report of a Patient Treated with Adoptive Immunotherapy (Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes plus Interleukin-2 and Subsequently Local-Regional Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells plus inTerleukin-2)
A 37-year-old patient with liver metastases from gastric cancer was treated with a double adoptive immunotherapy regimen comprising tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes plus interleukin-2 and subsequently local-regional lymphokine-activated killer cells plus interleukin-2 because of an extremely high in vitro cytotoxic specific activity on established gastric cancer cell lines. The necrosis verified in the center of the hepatic metastasis would appear to demonstrate treatment efficacy, but no clinical response was seen. In vitro cytotoxicity data alone are insufficient to predict the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy.
AbersoldP., HyattC., JohnsonS., HinesK., KorcakL., SandersM., LotzeM., TopalianS., YangJ., RosenbergS.A.: Lysis of autologous melanoma cells by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: association with clinical response. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 83: 932–937, 1991.
2.
AmadoriD., BertoniL., FlamigniA., SaviniS., De GiovanniC., CasanovaS., De PaolaF., AmadoriA., GiulottoE., ZoliA.: Establishment and characterization of a new cell line from primary human breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Treatment, 28: 251–260, 1993.
3.
ArientiF., BelliF., RivoltiniL., Gambacorti-PasseriniC., FurlanL., MascheroniL., PradaA., RizziM., MarchesiE., VagliniM., ParmianiG., CascinelliN.: Adoptive immunotherapy of advanced melanoma patients with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes selected in vitro with low dose of IL-2. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 36: 315–322, 1993.
4.
BergmannL.: Malignant melanoma. Prognosis and actual treatment strategies with chemotherapy and biological response modifiers. Eur. J. Clin. Oncol., 23: 31–36, 1989.
5.
BergmannL., MitrouP.S., WeidmannE.: In vitro and in vivo induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in patients with gastric cancer and other solid tumors. In: Lymphokines in Cancer.KoldovskyKarger (ed.), pp. 45–54. Springer, Heidelberg, 1989.
6.
DillmanR.O., ChurchC., OldhamR.K., WestW.H., SchwatzbergL., BirchR.: Inpatient continuous interleukin-2 in 788 patients with cancer. The National Biotherapy Study Group experience. Cancer, 71: 2358–23870, 1993.
7.
FisherR.I.: Introduction-Interleukin-2. Advances in clinical research and treatment. Semin. Oncol., 20: 1–2, 1993.
8.
FisherR.I., ColtmanC.A., DoroshowJ.H., RaynerA.A., HawkinsM.J., MierJ.W., WiernikP., Mc MannisJ.D., WeissG.R., MargolinK.A.: Metastatic renal cancer treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. A phase II clinical trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 108: 518–523, 1988.
9.
GansbacherB.: Clinical application of immunostimulatory gene transfer. Eur. J. Cancer, 30A: 1187–1190, 1994.
10.
HeatonK.M., GrimmE.A.: Cytokine combinations in immunotherapy for solid tumors: a review. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 37: 213–219, 1993.
11.
HornS.S., RosenbergS.A., TopalianS.L.: Specific immune recognition of autologous tumor by lymphocytes infiltrating colon carcinomas: analysis by cytokine secretion. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.36: 1–8, 1993.
ItohK., TildenA.B., BalchC.M.: Interleukin-2 activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes infiltrating human metastaic melanomas. Cancer Res., 46: 3011–3017, 1986.
14.
KarimineN., NanbaraS., ArinagaS., AsomT., VeoH., AkiyoshiT.: Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity of peripheral blood, spleen, regional lymphnodes, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric patients. J. Surg. Oncol., 55: 179–185, 1994.
15.
KeilholzU., SchlagP., TilgenW., BradoB., GalmF., GörichJ., KauffmannS., MoellerP., SchneiderS., HunsteinW.: Regional administration of lymphokine-activated killer cells can be superior to intravenous application. Cancer, 69: 2172–2175, 1992.
16.
KeilholzU., ScheibenbogenC., BradoM., GeorgiP., MaclachlanD., BradoB., HunsteinW.: Regional adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for liver metastases. Eur. J. Cancer, 30A: 103–105, 1994.
17.
KroesenB.J., ter HaarA., SpakmanH., WilleneseP., SleijferD. Th., deVriesE.G.E., MulderN.H., BerendsenH.H., LimburgP.C., TheT.H., de LeijL.: Local antitumor treatment in carcinoma patients with bispecific-monoclonal-antibody-redirected T cells. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 37: 400–407, 1993.
18.
LafraniereR., RosenbergS.A.: Adoptive immunotherapy of murine hepatic metastases with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) can mediate the regression of both immunogenic and non-immunogenic sarcomas and adenocarcinoma. J. Immunol., 135: 4273–4280, 1985.
19.
LotzeM.T., MatoryY.L., RaynerA.A., EttinghausenS.E., VettoJ.T., SeippC.A., RosenbergS.A.: Clinical effects and toxicity of interleukin-2 in patients with cancer. Cancer, 58: 2764–2772, 1986.
20.
MarshallG.D.: Adoptive immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies using interleukin-2. Current results and future prospects. Acta Chir. Scand., Suppl.549: 71–74, 1989.
21.
MavligitG.M., ZukiwskiA.A., GuttermannJ.U., SalemP., CharnsangavejC., WallaceS.: Splenic versus hepatic artery infusion of interleukin-2 in patients with liver metastases. J. Clin. Oncol., 8: 319–324, 1990.
22.
MichielD.F., OppenheimJ.J.: Cytokines as positive and negative regulators of tumor promotion and progression. Cancer Biol., 3: 3–15, 1992.
23.
PockajB.A., SherryR.M., WeiJ.P., YannelliJ.R., CarterC.S., LeitmanS.F., CarasquilloJ.A., SteinbergS.M., RosenbergS.A., YangJ.C.: Localization of 111indium-labeled tumor infiltrating lymphocytes to tumor in patients receiving adoptive immunotherapy. Cancer, 73: 1731–1737, 1994.
24.
RosenbergS.A., LotzeM.T., YangJ.C., AebersoldP.M., LinehanW.M., SeippC.A., WhiteD.E.: Experience with the use of high-dose interleukin-2 in the treatment of 652 cancer patients. Ann. Surg., 210: 474–485, 1989.
25.
RosenbergS.A., LotzeM.T., YangJ.C., TopalianS.L., ChangA.E., SchwartzentruberD.J., AebersoldP., LeitmanS., LinehanW.M., SeippC.A., WhiteD.E., SteinbergS.M.: Prospective randomized trial of high dose interleukin-2 alone or in conjunction with lymphokine-activated killer cells for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 85: 622–632, 1993.
26.
RosenbergS.A., SpiessP., LafraniereR.: A new approach to adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Science, 233: 1318–1321. 1986.
27.
RosenbergS.A.: The immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 10: 180–199, 1992.
28.
SchwartzentruberD.J., HornS.S., DadmarzR., WhiteD.E., YannelliJ.R., SteinbergS.M., RosenbergS.A., TopalianS.L.: In vitro predictors of therapeutic response in melanoma patients receiving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin-2. J. Clin. Oncol., 12: 1475–83, 1994.
29.
StewartT.H.M., RetskyM.W., TsaiS.C.J., VermaS.: Dose response in the treatment of breast cancer. Lancet, 343: 402–404, 1994.
30.
TartourE., DorvalT., MosseriV., DeneuxL., MathiotC., BraillyH., MonteroE., JoyeuxI., PouillartP., FridmanW.H.: Serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels correlate with resistance to IL-2 therapy and poor survival in melanoma patients. Br. J. Cancer, 69: 911–913, 1994.
31.
WestW.H., TauerK.W., YannelliJ.R., MarshallG.D., OrrD.W., ThurmanG.B., OldhamR.K.: Constant infusion recombinanat interleukin-2 in adoptive of advanced cancer. N. Engl. J. Med., 316: 898–905, 1987.
32.
WhitesideT., ParmianiG.: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: their phenotype, functions and clinical use. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 39: 15–21, 1994.
