Lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/Delta were studied at necropsy. Four groups of monkeys were inoculated with SIV/Delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with SIV/Delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. Three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75–100% of infected monkeys. One rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenuated but was restored to virulence by single animal passage. Clinically, infected monkeys had lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diarrhea, and a rash. Most monkeys died of enteric disease. The following lesions were seen: weight loss, thymic atrophy, lymphoid atrophy, bone marrow hyperplasia, encephalitis, colitis, amyloidosis, hepatitis, glomerulosclerosis, and the presence of syncytial cells. One Rh Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoma occurred. Opportunistic agents were identified: cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Cryptosporidia, and Pneumocystis. Shigella and Campylobacter often caused colitis.
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