1 R. C. Thurlow, 'The guardian of the "Sacred Flame": the failed political resurrection of Sir Oswald Mosley after 1945', Journal of Contemporary History (Vol. 33, no. 2, 1998), pp. 241-254, here 244-244, 254-254.
2.
2 P. M. Coupland, 'The Blackshirted Utopians', Journal of Contemporary History (Vol. 33, no. 2, 1998), pp. 255-272, here 257-257, 271-271.
3.
3 Z. Sternhell, Maurice Barres, et le Nationalisme Francais (Paris, 1972); Z. Sternhell, 'Fascist ideology', in W. Laqueur, Fascism: a reader's guide (Cambridge, Scolar Press, 1976), pp. 315-78; Z. Sternhell, La Droite Revolutionnaire 1885-1914, Les Origines Francaises du Fascisme (Paris, 1978); Z. Sternhell, Neither Right Nor Left (London, 1986); Z. Sternhell, 'The anti-materialist revision of Marxism as an aspect of the rise of fascist ideology', Journal of Contemporary History (Vol. 22, no. 3, 1987), pp. 379-400; Z. Sternhell, The Birth of Fascist Ideology (New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1994).
4.
4 Sternhell, The Birth of Fascist Ideology, ibid., p. 3. Drumont is described as a 'plebeian anti-Semite', Sternhell, La Droite Revolutionnaire, op. cit., p. 200. Sternhell, Maurice Barres, op. cit., pp. 224-32. Hence the title of Sternhell's Neither Right Nor Left.
5.
5 R. Griffin, ed., International Fascism: theories, causes and the new consensus (London, 1998), p. 238-238.
6.
6 Coupland, op. cit., p. 255. From the Greek topos, a place, ou meaning not and eu meaning well or good (editor's note).
7.
7 M. Horkheimer, 'Die Juden und Europa', translated as 'The Jews and Europe', in S. E. Bonner and D. Kellner, Critical Theory and Society (London, Routledge, 1989), pp. 77-94; G. Orwell, 'Introduction to Love Of Life and Other Stories by Jack London', in S. Orwell and I. Angus, eds, The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, volume IV, In Front of Your Nose 1945-1950 (London, 1968), p. 42.
8.
8 D. Renton, Fascism: theory and practice (London, Pluto, 1999). For an attempt to use this model as the foundation of a detailed history of one fascist movement, see D. Renton, 'The attempted revival of British fascism: fascism and anti-fascism in the 1940s' (PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998).
9.
9 Thurlow, op. cit., pp. 243-5.
10.
10 R. Falber, 'Untitled report on fascist activities', 15 August 1948, among Communist Party (CP) papers in the National Museum of Labour History in Manchester, CP/CENT/ORG/12/7. Incidentally, Thurlow suggests that W. H. Smith would not sell fascist newspapers, when actually we know that it took 1,560 copies of each issue of the Mosley Newsletter. See 'Mosley Publications Ltd. vs. Morrison and others', transcript of trial, March 1947, held in the archives of the National Council of Civil Liberties (DCL), Brynmor Jones library, University of Hull, DCL/70/2.
11.
11 C. Watts, 'It has happened here: the experiences of a political prisoner in British prisons and concentration camps during the fifth column panic of 1940-1', unpublished manuscript in Sheffield University library, p. 62; Special Branch, '18B social and dance' (21 December 1945), in HO 45/24467/183; British League Review (November 1947); Mosley, What They Say, What They Said, What He Is (London, 1947); 'Why should anyone still follow Mosley?', Picture Post (1 May 1948); T. Grundy, 'My childhood', Independent (28 November 1996), pp. 9-11.
12.
12 Thurlow, op. cit., p. 245.
13.
13 'Fascists damage bookshop', Daily Worker (15 January 1946). Special Branch, 'Ku Klux Klan' (21 May 1947), in HO 45/24469/361; 'Jewish factory set on fire', Daily Worker (5 July 1947); Hackney Metropolitan Police, 'Complaints against fascism' (27 September 1947), HO 45/25399; 'A line of batons between', Daily Herald (1 September 1947); M. Noble, 'The battle of Ridley Road', Challenge (13 September 1947); On Guard (October 1947); 'Ridley Road: 3 get prison for assaulting Jews', Daily Express (12 October 1947); 'Assault was anti-Jewish', Reynolds News (12 October 1947); On Guard (November 1947, January-February 1948, March 1948, May-June 1948).
14.
14 Coupland, op. cit., pp. 259, 261; Thurlow, op. cit., pp. 245, 247, 250.
15.
15 Patriot (4 January 1945 and 30 May 1946); London Tidings (26 August 1948); British League Review (May 1946); Parliament Christian (September-October 1944); At Random (August 1947).
16.
16 Mosley Newsletter (February-March 1946); Patriot (15 March 1945); Unity (17 January 1947); C. H. Douglas, The Brieffor the Prosecution (Liverpool, 1945), p. 79.
17.
17 Thurlow, op. cit., p. 266.
18.
18 R. West, 'A reporter at large: Heil Hamm!-l', New Yorker (7 August 1948), pp. 24-45, here p. 42; 'Magistrate urges police to stop anti-Semitism', Daily Worker (24 June 1947); Special Branch, 'Meeting' (30 December 1946), HO 45/ 24468/317. Special Branch, 'British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women' (13 April 1947), HO 45/24468/367.
19.
19 Mr Weitzman MP's speech in the House of Commons in December 1949, see Hansard, 470 HC Deb. 5s., 7 December 1949, 2042-2052, 2043-2044.
20.
20 0. Mosley, The Alternative (London, 1946); N. Nugent, 'Post-War Fascism', in K. Lunn and R. Thurlow, op. cit., pp. 206-7; R. Skidelsky, Mosley (London, 1975), p. 485.
21.
21 British League Review (September 1947); Patriot (3 April 1945); 'Mosley men seek to impose a colour bar', South London Press (4 September 1951); Gothic Ripples (21 March 1946).
22.
22 Independent Nationalist (22 September 1949); Social Crediter (20 August 1949); London Tidings (6 September 1947); Union (5 March 1949); Patriot (15 March 1945); Patriot (16 May 1946); A. K. Chesterton and J. Leftwich, The Tragedy of Anti-Semitism (London, 1948), pp. 75-7; Gothic Ripples (25 February 1948; 17 March 1946 and 15 August 1946); New Pioneer (January 1940); NWM, '25 points of policy', unpublished document, 1948, in HO 45/2968/116; London Tidings (20 March 1948).
23.
23 Coupland, op. cit., pp. 259, 261; Thurlow, op. cit., p. 246.
24.
24 Patriot (14 March 1946); O. Mosley, The Alternative op. cit., pp. 63, 150; Duke of Bedford, Why Blunder On? (Glasgow, 1942), p. 9; A. Ratcliffe, The Truth About Democracy (Glasgow, 1944), p. 11; Gothic Ripples (26 August 1946).
25.
25 See M. Maclean, 'Birmingham members of the Union Movement', in the Board of Deputies' Archive (BOD), BOD/C6/9/3/2; On Guard (March, April, July 1948); P. Hunt to CP, CP/CENT/ORG/12/7, 5 (Communist Party papers); 'Personalities in the fascist and anti-Semitic movement', DCL/42/5 (University of Hull); HO 45/ 24468/294; Grundy, op. cit.; British League Review (November-December 1946); Special Branch, 'Gothic ripples' (15 March 1948) HO 45/24968/115; J. Wynn, 'Memoirs', unpublished manuscript, 2, British Union collection, Sheffield University library; 'Minutes' among the Metropolitan Police papers, Public Records Office: MEPO 3/3093; R. Saunders, 'A tiller of several soils', unpublished manuscript, Saunders collection, in Sheffield University library.
26.
26 Coupland, op. cit., p. 269.
27.
27 R. Samuel, East End Underworld: chapters in the life of Arthur Harding (London, 1981), p. 275; 'After the meeting', Evening Standard (8 February 1948); On Guard (April 1948); 'Minutes', MEPO 3/3093, op. cit.; Hunt, op. cit., p. 4.
28.
28 London Tidings (25 January 1947); Duke of Bedford, After The War: work for all? (Glasgow, 1944), p. 2; London Tidings (26 August 1948); British League Review (September-October 1946).
29.
29 Special Branch, 'British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women' (15 February 1946), HO 45/24467/209.
30.
30 T. Pocock, 'How powerful are these people?', Leader Magazine (23 August 1947).
