In traditional perpetrator-orientated criminology, sexual abuse of children was seen as a rare offense committed by strangers. In this view, it was more likely to happen in the child's imagination. The presumed cause of the actually committed offense was the abnormal personality of the offender The psychical and social injury of the victim was thought to be rather small. Since the mid-1970s, this view has changed on account of empirical studies on victimization. In modem society-and victim-orientated criminology-sexual abuse of children within their social environments is no longer an unusual occurrence. It results from the disturbed interaction between offender, victim, and society. The psychical and social injury of the victim is very extensive in its short-, medium-, and long-term effects.
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