Land use is one of the key factors affecting soil erosion in the Loess Plateau of China. This paper examines soil erosion under different land uses and land-use combinations using 137 Cs tracing in the Yangjuangou Catchment, a tributary of the Yan River in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province. The results show that the order of 137Cs activity in different land uses decreases sequentially from mature forest to grass to young forest to orchard to terrace crop, indicating that the mature forests had the lowest erosion rates while the terraced cropland produced the highest erosion amount. The majority of 137Cs is distributed in the top 0—10 cm of the soil layer. The 137Cs activity in mature forest and grass soil is significantly higher than in other land uses. Three land-use combinations on the hillslope were selected to study the relationship between land-use combination and soil erosion. The mixtures of ‘grass (6 years old) + mature forest (25 years old) + grass (25 years old)’ and ‘grass (6 years old) + young forest (6 years old) + mature forest (25 years old) + grass (25 years old)’ are better for soil erosion control, lowering soil erosion amount by 42% compared with a land-use combination of ‘grass (6 years old) and shrub (6 years old)’. The results provide an important basis for optimizing land-use combinations to control soil erosion on slopes and may also result in important ecological benefits.
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