Semitendinosus Tendon Graft Versus a Modified Weaver-Dunn Procedure for Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction in Chronic Cases

Background: Biomechanical studies comparing various surgical techniques for acromioclavicular joint reconstruction have reported that semitendinosus tendon graft for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction provides a substantial improvement in initial stability and a load-to-failure equivalent to the intact coracoclavicular ligaments. Although it represents a biomechanical improvement compared with coracoacromial ligament transfer, there is still a lack of prospective comparative studies confirming the clinical relevance of these biomechanical findings.

Hypothesis: Semitendinosus tendon graft for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is associated with superior clinical results compared with a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure in chronic complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods: Twenty-four patients (mean age, 42 years) with painful, chronic Rockwood type III through V acromioclavicular joint dislocations were subjected to surgical reconstruction. In 12 patients, a modified Weaver-Dunn procedure was performed; in the other 12 patients, autogenous semitendinosus tendon graft was used. Clinical evaluation was performed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score and the Constant score after a mean follow-up time of 37 months. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were compared.

Results: The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score improved from 74 ± 7 points preoperatively to 86 ± 8 points postoperatively in the Weaver-Dunn group, and from 74 ± 4 points to 96 ± 5 points in the semitendinosus tendon group (P < .001 for both techniques). The mean Constant score improved from 70 ± 8 points to 81 ± 8 points in the Weaver-Dunn group, and from 71 ± 5 points to 93 ± 7 points in the semitendinosus tendon group (P < .001). The results in the semitendinosus tendon group were significantly better than in the Weaver-Dunn group (P < .001). The radiologic measurements showed a mean coracoclavicular distance of 12.3 ± 4 mm in the Weaver-Dunn group increasing to 14.9 ± 6 mm under stress loading, compared with 11.4 ± 3 mm increasing to 11.8 ± 3 mm under stress in the semitendinosus tendon group. The difference during stress loading was statistically significant (P = .027). In the semitendinosus tendon group, horizontal displacement of the lateral clavicle end could be reduced in all cases with type IV dislocation.

Conclusion: Semitendinosus tendon graft for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction resulted in significantly superior clinical and radiologic outcomes compared to the modified Weaver-Dunn procedure.