Oncology-applied hyperthermia is a very old form of therapy. In recent years hyperthermia has been investigated with the aim of improving the treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer to prevent relapse and disease progression, in association with mitomycin-C, a well-known chemotherapeutic agent, to enhance its effect. Target patients are those with non-muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma, showing medium (Ta-T1, G1–2, multifocal, diameter >3 cm) or high (T1, G3, multifocal or rapidly relapsing, CIS) risk for recurrence or progression.
The treatment may be prophylactic following tumor eradication, or ablative when tumor cannot be otherwise eradicated.
Several studies have shown the benefits of thermochemotherapy with lower risk for relapse than other treatment options, and 66–80% complete responses following ablative treatment. This association of treatments has a synergic therapeutic effect, higher than administering hyperthermia and drug therapy as single treatment.
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